Jinsi ya Kupata Habari ya Vifaa na Amri ya Dmidecode kwenye Linux
Katika nakala hii tutaona jinsi tunavyoweza kutumia amri ya Dmidecode kupata habari ya maunzi ya mfumo wowote wa Linux. Tuseme ikiwa tunataka kuboresha mfumo tunahitaji kukusanya taarifa kama vile Kumbukumbu, BIOS na CPU n.k. Kwa usaidizi wa amri ya Dmidecode tutajua maelezo bila kufungua chasi ya mfumo. Amri ya Dmidecode hufanya kazi kwa RHEL/CentOS/Fedora/Ubuntu Linux.
Zana ya Dmidecode husoma jedwali la DMI (baadhi husema SMBIOS) ili kuleta data na huonyesha taarifa muhimu za mfumo kama vile maelezo ya maunzi, nambari za mfululizo na toleo la BIOS, Kichakataji n.k. katika umbizo linaloweza kusomeka na binadamu. Unaweza kuhitaji fursa ya mizizi kutekeleza amri ya dmidecode.
1. Pato la Msingi la Demidecode
Ifuatayo ni pato la amri ya Demidecode.
# dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. 45 structures occupying 1642 bytes. Table at 0x000E0010. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD Version: 6.00 Release Date: 12/06/2006 Address: 0xE78A0 Runtime Size: 100192 bytes ROM Size: 64 kB Characteristics: ISA is supported PCI is supported PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported PNP is supported APM is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available USB legacy is supported Smart battery is supported BIOS boot specification is supported
2. Jinsi ya Kupata Aina za DMI
Kitambulisho cha DMI kinatupa maelezo mahususi ya maunzi ya mfumo. Msimbo wa Dmide ulio na chaguo ‘-t ‘au ‘–type’ na ‘Id’ zitatupatia taarifa kamili. Id 6 itatupa maelezo ya Moduli ya Kumbukumbu.
dmidecode -t 6 # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x0009, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #0 Bank Connections: 0 1 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection) Enabled Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection) Error Status: OK Handle 0x000A, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #1 Bank Connections: 2 3 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: Not Installed Enabled Size: Not Installed Error Status: OK Handle 0x000B, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #2 Bank Connections: 4 5 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: Not Installed Enabled Size: Not Installed Error Status: OK Handle 0x000C, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: RAM socket #3 Bank Connections: 6 7 Current Speed: Unknown Type: EDO DIMM Installed Size: Not Installed Enabled Size: Not Installed Error Status: OK
Yafuatayo ni maelezo ya aina za DMI.
Type Information ---------------------------------------- 0 BIOS 1 System 2 Base Board 3 Chassis 4 Processor 5 Memory Controller 6 Memory Module 7 Cache 8 Port Connector 9 System Slots 10 On Board Devices 11 OEM Strings 12 System Configuration Options 13 BIOS Language 14 Group Associations 15 System Event Log 16 Physical Memory Array 17 Memory Device 18 32-bit Memory Error 19 Memory Array Mapped Address 20 Memory Device Mapped Address 21 Built-in Pointing Device 22 Portable Battery 23 System Reset 24 Hardware Security 25 System Power Controls 26 Voltage Probe 27 Cooling Device 28 Temperature Probe 29 Electrical Current Probe 30 Out-of-band Remote Access 31 Boot Integrity Services 32 System Boot 33 64-bit Memory Error 34 Management Device 35 Management Device Component 36 Management Device Threshold Data 37 Memory Channel 38 IPMI Device 39 Power Supply
Badala ya kwenda na 'type_id' unaweza pia kutumia neno kuu na '-t' hoja kwa amri ya dmidecode. Ifuatayo ni orodha ya maneno muhimu yanayopatikana.
Keyword Types ------------------------------ bios 0, 13 system 1, 12, 15, 23, 32 baseboard 2, 10 chassis 3 processor 4 memory 5, 6, 16, 17 cache 7 connector 8 slot 9
Kwa mfano, ili kupata habari ya Cache kwenye mfumo, unaweza kutekeleza amri iliyo hapa chini badala ya Id 7.
dmidecode -t cache # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x000D, DMI type 7, 19 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: L1 Cache Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 1 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: Internal Installed Size: 16 kB Maximum Size: 16 kB Supported SRAM Types: Burst Pipeline Burst Asynchronous Installed SRAM Type: Asynchronous Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Unknown System Type: Unknown Associativity: Unknown Handle 0x000E, DMI type 7, 19 bytes Cache Information Socket Designation: L2 Cache Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 2 Operational Mode: Write Back Location: External Installed Size: 0 kB Maximum Size: 512 kB Supported SRAM Types: Burst Pipeline Burst Asynchronous Installed SRAM Type: None Speed: Unknown Error Correction Type: Unknown System Type: Unknown Associativity: Unknown
3. Jinsi ya Kupata Taarifa za Kumbukumbu
Ninapataje habari ya Kumbukumbu kwenye mfumo na ni kumbukumbu ngapi inasaidiwa na mfumo? Amri ifuatayo inaonyesha kuwa mfumo unaweza kuhimili 4GB ya RAM ya juu.
dmidecode -t 16 # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x001D, DMI type 16, 15 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 4 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 4
Kumbuka: Kutoka kwa orodha ya maneno muhimu vitambulisho vya habari vinavyohusiana na kumbukumbu ni 5, 6, 16 na 17.
4. Je! Ninapataje habari ya BIOS?
Ili kupata taarifa ya BIOS ya mfumo, endesha amri ifuatayo na chaguo la '-t'.
dmidecode -t bios # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS version fixup (2.31 -> 2.3). SMBIOS 2.3 present. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 20 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD Version: 6.00 Release Date: 12/06/2006 Address: 0xE78A0 Runtime Size: 100192 bytes ROM Size: 64 kB Characteristics: ISA is supported PCI is supported PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported PNP is supported APM is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available USB legacy is supported Smart battery is supported BIOS boot specification is supported
5. Je, Nitapataje Mtengenezaji, Muundo na Nambari ya serial?
Ili kupata habari kuhusu Mtengenezaji, Mfano na Nambari ya Siri ya mfumo, tumia amri ifuatayo kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini.
dmidecode -t system # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS 2.4 present. Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes System Information Manufacturer: LENOVO Product Name: 9637C76 Version: ThinkCentre M55e Serial Number: L9BT188 UUID: 8015D37A-2F82-DC11-A3FB-8C6E4EBAD5CE Wake-up Type: AC Power Restored SKU Number: Not Specified Family: Not Specified Handle 0x000F, DMI type 12, 5 bytes System Configuration Options Option 1: Jumper settings can be described here. Handle 0x0010, DMI type 15, 29 bytes System Event Log Area Length: 432 bytes Header Start Offset: 0x0000 Header Length: 16 bytes Data Start Offset: 0x0010 Access Method: General-purpose non-volatile data functions Access Address: 0x0000 Status: Valid, Not Full Change Token: 0x0000001A Header Format: Type 1 Supported Log Type Descriptors: 3 Descriptor 1: POST error Data Format 1: POST results bitmap Descriptor 2: Single-bit ECC memory error Data Format 2: Multiple-event Descriptor 3: Multi-bit ECC memory error Data Format 3: Multiple-event Handle 0x0017, DMI type 23, 13 bytes System Reset Status: Enabled Watchdog Timer: Present Boot Option: Do Not Reboot Boot Option On Limit: Do Not Reboot Reset Count: Unknown Reset Limit: Unknown Timer Interval: Unknown Timeout: Unknown Handle 0x001F, DMI type 32, 20 bytes System Boot Information Status:
Tafadhali endesha 'man dmidecode' kutoka kwa terminal au amri ya haraka ili kujua zaidi kuhusu dmidecode.