Jinsi ya Kusakinisha Mvinyo 4.8 (Toleo la Maendeleo) katika Linux

Mvinyo, programu huria maarufu na yenye nguvu zaidi ya Linux, iliyokuwa ikiendesha programu na michezo yenye msingi wa Windows kwenye Mfumo wa Linux bila matatizo yoyote.

Timu ya WineHQ, hivi majuzi ilitangaza toleo jipya la ukuzaji la Wine 4.8 (mteja wa kutolewa kwa Wine 5.0 ijayo). Muundo huu mpya wa maendeleo unakuja na idadi ya vipengele vipya muhimu na marekebisho 44 ya hitilafu.

Timu ya mvinyo, endelea kusambaza muundo wao wa maendeleo karibu kila wiki na kuongeza vipengele na marekebisho mengi mapya. Kila toleo jipya huleta usaidizi kwa programu mpya na michezo, na kufanya Mvinyo kuwa maarufu zaidi na lazima iwe na zana kwa kila mtumiaji, ambaye anataka kuendesha programu ya Windows kwenye jukwaa la Linux.

Kulingana na mabadiliko, huduma muhimu zifuatazo zinaongezwa katika toleo hili:

Kusaidia kuunda programu nyingi katika umbizo la PE.
Data ya Unicode imesasishwa hadi Unicode 12.0.
Maboresho ya usaidizi wa vijiti.
Chaguo-msingi hadi isiyo ya PIC huundwa kwenye i386.
Marekebisho mbalimbali ya hitilafu.

Kwa maelezo zaidi ya kina kuhusu muundo huu yanaweza kupatikana kwenye ukurasa rasmi wa mabadiliko.

Makala haya yanakuongoza jinsi ya kusakinisha toleo la hivi punde la usanidi la Wine 4.8 kwenye Red Hat na mifumo ya Debian kama vile CentOS, Fedora, Ubuntu, Linux Mint na usambazaji mwingine unaotumika.

Inasakinisha Mvinyo 4.8 kwenye Linux

Kwa bahati mbaya, hakuna hazina rasmi ya Mvinyo inayopatikana kwa mifumo ya msingi ya Red Hat na njia pekee ya kusakinisha Mvinyo, ni kuikusanya kutoka chanzo.

Ili kufanya hivyo, unahitaji kusakinisha baadhi ya vifurushi tegemezi kama vile gcc, flex, bison, libX11-devel, freetype-devel na Zana za Maendeleo, n.k. Vifurushi hivi lazima vitahitajika ili kukusanya Mvinyo kutoka chanzo.

Wacha tuzisakinishe kwa kutumia amri ya YUM ifuatayo kwenye usambazaji husika.

# yum -y groupinstall 'Development Tools'
# yum -y install flex bison libX11-devel freetype-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel prelink libjpeg-devel libpng-devel

Ifuatayo, badilisha hadi kwa mtumiaji wa kawaida (hapa jina langu la mtumiaji ni 'tecmint') na upakue toleo jipya zaidi la ukuzaji la Mvinyo (yaani 4.8) na utoe kifurushi cha mpira mrefu cha chanzo kwa kutumia amri zifuatazo.

# su tecmint
$ cd /tmp
$ wget https://dl.winehq.org/wine/source/4.x/wine-4.8.tar.xz
$ tar -xvf wine-4.8.tar.xz -C /tmp/

Sasa, ni wakati wa kukusanya na kujenga kisakinishi cha Mvinyo kwa kutumia amri zifuatazo kama mtumiaji wa kawaida kwenye usanifu wa Linux husika. Ikiwa hujui usanifu wako wa usambazaji wa Linux, unaweza kusoma makala hii ili kujua kwamba Mfumo wako wa Linux ni 32-bit au 64-bit.

Kumbuka: Mchakato wa usakinishaji unaweza kuchukua hadi dakika 15-20 kulingana na mtandao wako na kasi ya maunzi, wakati wa usakinishaji itakuuliza uweke nenosiri la msingi.

$ cd wine-4.8/
$ ./configure
$ make
# make install			[Run as root User]

$ cd wine-4.8/
$ ./configure --enable-win64
$ make
# make install			[Run as root User]

Kwenye Fedora, unaweza kutumia hazina rasmi ya Mvinyo kusanikisha vifurushi vya divai kama inavyoonyeshwa:

----------- On Fedora 30 -----------
# dnf config-manager --add-repo https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/fedora/30/winehq.repo
# dnf install winehq-devel   [Development branch]
# dnf install winehq-stable  [Stable branch]

----------- On Fedora 29 -----------
# dnf config-manager --add-repo https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/fedora/29/winehq.repo
# dnf install winehq-devel   [Development branch]
# dnf install winehq-stable  [Stable branch]

Chini ya mifumo ya msingi ya Ubuntu na Linux Mint, unaweza kusakinisha kwa urahisi muundo wa hivi punde wa ukuzaji wa Mvinyo kwa kutumia PPA rasmi.

Fungua terminal na endesha amri zifuatazo na marupurupu ya sudo kupakua na kuongeza kitufe kipya.

$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386    [Enable 32-bit Arch]
$ wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
$ sudo apt-key add winehq.key

Sasa sakinisha Mvinyo kwenye Ubuntu na Linux Mint.

----------------- On Ubuntu 19.04 ----------------- 
$ sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ disco main'
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-devel  [Development branch]
$ sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable [Stable branch]

----------------- On Ubuntu 18.10 ----------------- 
$ sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ cosmic main'
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-devel  [Development branch]
$ sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable [Stable branch]

----------------- Ubuntu 18.04 & Linux Mint 19.x ----------------- 
$ sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ bionic main'
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-devel  [Development branch]
$ sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable [Stable branch]

----------------- Ubuntu 16.04 & Linux Mint 18.x ----------------- 
$ sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ xenial main'
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-devel  [Development branch]
$ sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable [Stable branch]

Kwenye mifumo ya Debian, unapaswa kufuata maagizo hapa chini ili kusakinisha miundo ya hivi punde ya ukuzaji wa WineHQ.

Kwanza, wezesha vifurushi vya 32-bit, kisha upakue na usakinishe ufunguo unaotumika kutia sahihi vifurushi.

$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386  [Only on 64-bit systems]
$ wget -nc https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
$ sudo apt-key add winehq.key

Ifuatayo, ongeza hazina ifuatayo kwa /etc/apt/sources.list faili kulingana na toleo lako la Debian.

----------------- Debian 8 (Jessie) ----------------- 
deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/debian/ jessie main

----------------- Debian 9 (Stretch) ----------------- 
deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/debian/ stretch main

----------------- Debian 10 (currently Testing) (Buster) ----------------- 
deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/debian/ buster main

Sasa sasisha hifadhidata ya hazina ya kifurushi na usakinishe WineH! tawi la maendeleo kama inavyoonyeshwa.

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-devel  [Development branch]
$ sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable [Stable branch]

Kwa usambazaji mwingine wa Linux, maagizo ya usakinishaji yanaweza kupatikana katika https://www.winehq.org/download.

Jinsi ya Kutumia Mvinyo Kuanzisha Programu za Windows

Baada ya usakinishaji kukamilika kwa mafanikio, unaweza kusakinisha au kuendesha programu au michezo yoyote ya madirisha kwa kutumia divai kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini.

$ wine notepad
$ wine notepad.exe 
$ wine c:\\windows\\notepad.exe

$ wine64 notepad
$ wine64 notepad.exe 
$ wine64 c:\\windows\\notepad.exe

Kumbuka: Tafadhali kumbuka, hii ni muundo wa maendeleo na haiwezi kusakinishwa au kutumika kwenye mifumo ya uzalishaji. Inashauriwa kutumia toleo hili kwa madhumuni ya majaribio tu.

Ikiwa unatafuta toleo thabiti la hivi majuzi zaidi la Mvinyo, unaweza kupitia vifungu vyetu vifuatavyo, vinavyoelezea jinsi ya kusakinisha toleo la hivi punde lililo thabiti zaidi kwenye takriban mazingira yote ya Linux.

Sakinisha Wine 4.0 (Imara) katika RHEL, CentOS na Fedora
Sakinisha Wine 4.0 (Imara) katika Debian, Ubuntu na Mint