Jinsi ya Kupata na Kupanga Faili Kulingana na Tarehe na Wakati wa Urekebishaji katika Linux

Kwa kawaida, tuna mazoea ya kuhifadhi habari nyingi katika mfumo wa faili kwenye mfumo wetu. Baadhi, faili zilizofichwa, zingine zimehifadhiwa kwenye folda tofauti iliyoundwa kwa urahisi wa kuelewa, wakati zingine kama zilivyo. Lakini, mambo haya yote yanajaza saraka zetu; kawaida kompyuta ya mezani, na kuifanya ionekane kama fujo. Lakini, tatizo hutokea tunapohitaji kutafuta faili fulani iliyorekebishwa kwa tarehe na wakati fulani katika mkusanyiko huu mkubwa.

Watu wanaostarehe na GUI wanaweza kuipata kwa kutumia Kidhibiti cha Faili, ambacho kinaorodhesha faili katika umbizo la orodha ndefu, na kuifanya iwe rahisi kujua tunachotaka, lakini watumiaji hao wana tabia ya skrini nyeusi, au hata mtu yeyote anayefanya kazi kwenye seva ambazo hazina GUI angefanya. wanataka amri rahisi au seti ya amri ambazo zinaweza kurahisisha utaftaji wao.

Uzuri halisi wa Linux unaonyesha hapa, kwani Linux ina mkusanyiko wa amri ambazo zikitumiwa kando au kwa pamoja zinaweza kusaidia kutafuta faili, au kupanga mkusanyiko wa faili kulingana na jina lao, tarehe ya urekebishaji, wakati wa uundaji, au hata yoyote. chujio unaweza kufikiria kutumia ili kupata matokeo yako.

Hapa, tutafunua nguvu halisi ya Linux kwa kuchunguza seti ya amri ambazo zinaweza kusaidia kupanga faili au hata orodha ya faili kwa Tarehe na Wakati.

Huduma za Linux Kupanga Faili katika Linux

Baadhi ya huduma za msingi za mstari wa amri za Linux ambazo zinatosha tu kupanga saraka kulingana na Tarehe na Wakati ni:

ls - Kuorodhesha yaliyomo kwenye saraka, shirika hili linaweza kuorodhesha faili na saraka na linaweza hata kuorodhesha habari zote za hali kuzihusu ikijumuisha: tarehe na wakati wa urekebishaji au ufikiaji, ruhusa, saizi, mmiliki, kikundi n.k.

Tayari tumeshughulikia vifungu vingi juu ya Linux ls amri na amri ya kupanga, unaweza kupata yao hapa chini:

Jifunze ls Amri yenye Mifano 15 za Msingi
Jifunze Amri 7 za Advance ls kwa Mifano
Maswali 15 Muhimu ya Mahojiano kuhusu ls Command katika Linux

sort - Amri hii inaweza kutumika kupanga matokeo ya utafutaji wowote kwa uga wowote au safu mahususi ya uga.

Tayari tumeshughulikia nakala mbili juu ya amri ya aina ya Linux, unaweza kuipata hapa chini:

14 Linux 'panga' Mifano ya Amri - Sehemu ya 1
7 Mifano ya Amri Muhimu ya Linux ‘panga’ - Sehemu ya 2

Amri hizi zenyewe ni amri zenye nguvu sana za kujua ikiwa unafanya kazi kwenye skrini nyeusi na lazima ushughulike na faili nyingi, ili tu kupata unayotaka.

Baadhi ya Njia za Kupanga Faili kwa kutumia Tarehe na Wakati

Ifuatayo ni orodha ya amri za kupanga kulingana na Tarehe na Wakati.

Amri iliyo hapa chini huorodhesha faili katika umbizo la orodha ndefu, na kupanga faili kulingana na wakati wa urekebishaji, mpya zaidi kwanza. Ili kupanga kwa mpangilio wa nyuma, tumia ubadilishaji wa -r kwa amri hii.

# ls -lt

total 673768
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3312130 Jan 19 15:24 When You Are Gone.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4177212 Jan 19 15:24 When I Dream At Night - Marc Anthony-1.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4177212 Jan 19 15:24 When I Dream At Night - Marc Anthony.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  6629090 Jan 19 15:24 Westlife_Tonight.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3448832 Jan 19 15:24 We Are The World by USA For Africa (Michael Jackson).mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  8580934 Jan 19 15:24 This Love.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  2194832 Jan 19 15:24 The Cross Of Changes.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  5087527 Jan 19 15:24 T.N.T. For The Brain 5.18.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3437100 Jan 19 15:24 Summer Of '69.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4360278 Jan 19 15:24 Smell Of Desire.4.32.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4582632 Jan 19 15:24 Silence Must Be Heard 4.46.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4147119 Jan 19 15:24 Shadows In Silence 4.19.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4189654 Jan 19 15:24 Sarah Brightman  & Enigma - Eden (remix).mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4124421 Jan 19 15:24 Sade - Smooth Operator.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  4771840 Jan 19 15:24 Sade - And I Miss You.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3749477 Jan 19 15:24 Run To You.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  7573679 Jan 19 15:24 Roger Sanchez_Another Chance_Full_Mix.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3018211 Jan 19 15:24 Principal Of Lust.3.08.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  5688390 Jan 19 15:24 Please Forgive Me.MP3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3381827 Jan 19 15:24 Obvious.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  5499073 Jan 19 15:24 Namstey-London-Viraaniya.mp3
-rwxr----- 1 tecmint tecmint  3129210 Jan 19 15:24 MOS-Enya - Only Time (Pop Radio mix).m

Kuorodheshwa kwa faili kwenye saraka kulingana na wakati wa mwisho wa ufikiaji, yaani, kulingana na wakati ambapo faili ilifikiwa mara ya mwisho, haikurekebishwa.

# ls -ltu

total 3084272
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:24 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Linux-ISO
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Music-Player
drwx------  3 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 tor-browser_en-US
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 bin
drwxr-xr-x 11 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Android Games
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Songs
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 renamefiles
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 katoolin-master
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Tricks
drwxr-xr-x  3 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 Linux-Tricks
drwxr-xr-x  6 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 tuptime
drwxr-xr-x  4 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 xdm
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint      20480 Jan 19 15:22 ffmpeg usage
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:22 xdm-helper

Kuorodheshwa kwa faili kwenye saraka kulingana na wakati wa mwisho wa urekebishaji wa maelezo ya hali ya faili, au ctime. Amri hii ingeorodhesha faili hiyo kwanza ambayo taarifa yake ya hali kama vile: mmiliki, kikundi, ruhusa, saizi n.k imebadilishwa hivi majuzi.

# ls -ltc

total 3084272
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 15:24 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 13:05 img
-rw-------  1 tecmint tecmint     262191 Jan 19 12:15 tecmint.jpeg
drwxr-xr-x  5 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 19 10:57 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  7 tecmint tecmint      12288 Jan 18 16:00 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x 13 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan 18 15:36 VirtualBox VMs
-rwxr-xr-x  1 tecmint tecmint        691 Jan 13 14:57 special.sh
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint     654325 Jan  4 16:55 powertop-2.7.tar.gz.save
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint     654329 Jan  4 11:17 filename.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x  3 tecmint tecmint       4096 Jan  4 11:04 powertop-2.7
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint     447795 Dec 31 14:22 Happy-New-Year-2016.jpg
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint         12 Dec 18 18:46 ravi
-rw-r--r--  1 tecmint tecmint       1823 Dec 16 12:45 setuid.txt
...

Ikiwa swichi ya -a inatumiwa na amri zilizo hapo juu, zinaweza kuorodhesha na kupanga hata faili zilizofichwa katika saraka ya sasa, na swichi ya -r huorodhesha towe kwa mpangilio wa nyuma.

Kwa upangaji wa kina zaidi, kama kupanga kwenye Output of find amri, hata hivyo ls pia inaweza kutumika, lakini kuna sort inathibitisha kuwa inasaidia zaidi kwani pato linaweza kutokuwa na faili pekee. jina lakini sehemu zozote zinazohitajika na mtumiaji.

Amri zilizo hapa chini zinaonyesha matumizi ya panga na pata amri ili kupanga orodha ya faili kulingana na Tarehe na Wakati.

Ili kujifunza zaidi kuhusu kupata amri, fuata kiungo hiki: Mifano 35 ya Vitendo ya Amri ya 'pata' katika Linux

Hapa, tunatumia find amri kupata faili zote kwenye mzizi (‘/’) saraka na kisha kuchapisha matokeo kama: Mwezi ambao faili ilifikiwa na kisha jina la faili. Kati ya matokeo hayo kamili, hapa tunaorodhesha maingizo 11 bora.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%Ab %p" | head -n 11

Dec /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
Dec /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
Dec /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn

Amri iliyo hapa chini hupanga pato kwa kutumia ufunguo kama sehemu ya kwanza, iliyobainishwa na -k1 kisha inapangwa kwa Mwezi kama ilivyobainishwa na M mbele yake.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%Ab %p" | head -n 11 | sort -k1M

Apr /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
Apr /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
Nov /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn
Dec /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
Dec /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
Dec /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install

Hapa, tena tunatumia kupata amri ili kupata faili zote kwenye saraka ya mizizi, lakini sasa tutachapisha matokeo kama: tarehe ya mwisho faili ilipatikana, mara ya mwisho faili ilipatikana na kisha jina la faili. Kati ya hayo tunachukua maingizo 11 bora.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%AD %AT %p" | head -n 11

12/08/15 11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
12/07/15 10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
12/18/15 11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn

Amri ya kupanga iliyo hapa chini kwanza hupanga kwa msingi wa tarakimu ya mwisho ya mwaka, kisha hupanga kwa msingi wa tarakimu ya mwisho ya mwezi kwa mpangilio wa kinyume na hatimaye kupanga kwa misingi ya sehemu ya kwanza. Hapa, ‘1.8’ ina maana ya safu wima ya 8 ya sehemu ya kwanza na ‘n’ mbele yake ina maana ya kupanga nambari, huku ‘r’ ikionyesha kupanga mpangilio wa kinyume.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%AD %AT %p" | head -n 11 | sort -k1.8n -k1.1nr -k1

12/07/15 10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
12/08/15 11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
12/18/15 11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
11/12/15 12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn
04/11/15 06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
04/11/15 06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
04/11/15 06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0

Hapa, tena tunatumia find amri kuorodhesha faili 11 bora katika saraka ya mizizi na kuchapisha matokeo katika umbizo: faili ya mara ya mwisho ilifikiwa na kisha jina la faili.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%AT %p" | head -n 11

11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn

Amri iliyo hapa chini hupanga pato kulingana na safu wima ya kwanza ya sehemu ya kwanza ya pato ambayo ni tarakimu ya kwanza ya saa.

# find / -type f -printf "\n%AT %p" | head -n 11 | sort -k1.1n

06:08:34.9819910430 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMCPro.so.1.0.0
06:08:34.9939910430 /usr/lib/libt1.so.5.1.2
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libcdr-0.0.so.0.0.15
06:08:35.0099910420 /usr/lib/libchromeXvMC.so.1.0.0
10:34:45.2694776230 /usr/lib/libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
11:19:25.2656728990 /usr/lib/msttcorefonts/update-ms-fonts
11:30:38.0000000000 /usr/lib/nvidia/pre-install
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf32_x86_64.xr
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/elf_i386.xbn
12:56:34.0000000000 /usr/lib/ldscripts/i386linux.xn

Amri hii hupanga matokeo ya amri ya ls -l kulingana na uga wa 6 kwa busara ya mwezi, kisha kulingana na sehemu ya 7 ambayo ni tarehe, kiidadi.

# ls -l | sort -k6M -k7n

total 116
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Oct  1 19:51 backup.tgz
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Oct  7 15:27 Desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15853 Oct  7 15:19 powertop_report.csv
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79112 Oct  7 15:25 powertop.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Oct 16 15:26 file3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    13 Oct 16 15:17 B
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    21 Oct 16 15:16 A
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    64 Oct 16 15:38 C

Hitimisho

Vivyo hivyo, kwa kuwa na ujuzi fulani wa amri ya kupanga, unaweza kupanga karibu orodha yoyote kulingana na uwanja wowote na hata safu yake yoyote unayotaka. Hizi zilikuwa baadhi ya mbinu za kukusaidia kupanga faili kulingana na Tarehe au Saa. Unaweza kuunda hila zako mwenyewe kulingana na hizi. Hata hivyo, ikiwa una hila nyingine ya kuvutia, unaweza kutaja daima katika maoni yako.