Jinsi ya Kuangalia ni Moduli zipi za Apache Zimewezeshwa/Zimepakiwa kwenye Linux

Katika mwongozo huu, tutazungumza kwa ufupi kuhusu mwisho wa mbele wa seva ya wavuti ya Apache na jinsi ya kuorodhesha au kuangalia ni moduli zipi za Apache zimewezeshwa kwenye seva yako.

Apache imejengwa, kwa kuzingatia kanuni ya urekebishaji, kwa njia hii, inawawezesha wasimamizi wa seva za wavuti kuongeza moduli tofauti ili kupanua utendakazi wake wa msingi na kuboresha utendaji wa apache pia.

Baadhi ya moduli za kawaida za Apache ni pamoja na:

mod_ssl - ambayo inatoa HTTPS kwa Apache.
mod_rewrite - ambayo inaruhusu kulinganisha ruwaza za url na vielezi vya kawaida, na kutekeleza uelekezaji upya kwa uwazi kwa kutumia mbinu za .htaccess, au tumia jibu la msimbo wa hali ya HTTP.
mod_security - ambayo inakupa kulinda Apache dhidi ya mashambulizi ya Brute Force au DDoS.
mod_status - inayokuruhusu kufuatilia upakiaji wa seva ya wavuti ya Apache na takwimu za ukurasa.

Katika Linux, apachectl au apache2ctl amri hutumiwa kudhibiti kiolesura cha seva ya Apache HTTP, ni sehemu ya mbele ya Apache.

Unaweza kuonyesha habari ya utumiaji ya apache2ctl kama ilivyo hapo chini:

$ apache2ctl help
OR
$ apachectl help

Usage: /usr/sbin/httpd [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file]
                       [-C "directive"] [-c "directive"]
                       [-k start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop]
                       [-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-t] [-S]
Options:
  -D name            : define a name for use in  directives
  -d directory       : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot
  -f file            : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile
  -C "directive"     : process directive before reading config files
  -c "directive"     : process directive after reading config files
  -e level           : show startup errors of level (see LogLevel)
  -E file            : log startup errors to file
  -v                 : show version number
  -V                 : show compile settings
  -h                 : list available command line options (this page)
  -l                 : list compiled in modules
  -L                 : list available configuration directives
  -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS  : show parsed settings (currently only vhost settings)
  -S                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS
  -t -D DUMP_MODULES : show all loaded modules 
  -M                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_MODULES
  -t                 : run syntax check for config files

apache2ctl inaweza kufanya kazi katika hali mbili zinazowezekana, modi ya init ya Sys V na hali ya kupita. Katika modi ya init ya SysV, apache2ctl inachukua amri rahisi za neno moja katika fomu iliyo hapa chini:

$ apachectl command
OR
$ apache2ctl command

Kwa mfano, kuanza Apache na kuangalia hali yake, endesha amri hizi mbili na haki za mtumiaji wa mizizi kwa kuajiri sudo amri, ikiwa wewe ni mtumiaji wa kawaida:

$ sudo apache2ctl start
$ sudo apache2ctl status

[email  ~ $ sudo apache2ctl start
AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
httpd (pid 1456) already running
[email  ~ $ sudo apache2ctl status
Apache Server Status for localhost (via 127.0.0.1)

Server Version: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
Server MPM: prefork
Server Built: 2016-07-14T12:32:26

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Current Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 11:47:28 IST
Restart Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 10:21:46 IST
Parent Server Config. Generation: 2
Parent Server MPM Generation: 1
Server uptime: 1 hour 25 minutes 41 seconds
Server load: 0.97 0.94 0.77
Total accesses: 2 - Total Traffic: 3 kB
CPU Usage: u0 s0 cu0 cs0
.000389 requests/sec - 0 B/second - 1536 B/request
1 requests currently being processed, 4 idle workers

__W__...........................................................
................................................................
......................

Scoreboard Key:
"_" Waiting for Connection, "S" Starting up, "R" Reading Request,
"W" Sending Reply, "K" Keepalive (read), "D" DNS Lookup,
"C" Closing connection, "L" Logging, "G" Gracefully finishing,
"I" Idle cleanup of worker, "." Open slot with no current process

Na wakati wa kufanya kazi katika hali ya kupita, apache2ctl inaweza kuchukua hoja zote za Apache katika syntax ifuatayo:

$ apachectl [apache-argument]
$ apache2ctl [apache-argument]

Hoja zote za Apache zinaweza kuorodheshwa kama ifuatavyo:

$ apache2 help    [On Debian based systems]
$ httpd help      [On RHEL based systems]

Kwa hivyo, ili kuangalia ni moduli zipi zimewashwa kwenye seva yako ya wavuti ya Apache, tumia amri inayotumika hapa chini kwa usambazaji wako, ambapo -t -D DUMP_MODULES ni hoja ya Apache ili kuonyesha moduli zote zilizowashwa/kupakiwa. :

---------------  On Debian based systems --------------- 
$ apache2ctl -t -D DUMP_MODULES   
OR 
$ apache2ctl -M

---------------  On RHEL based systems --------------- 
$ apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES   
OR 
$ httpd -M
$ apache2ctl -M

 apachectl -M
Loaded Modules:
 core_module (static)
 mpm_prefork_module (static)
 http_module (static)
 so_module (static)
 auth_basic_module (shared)
 auth_digest_module (shared)
 authn_file_module (shared)
 authn_alias_module (shared)
 authn_anon_module (shared)
 authn_dbm_module (shared)
 authn_default_module (shared)
 authz_host_module (shared)
 authz_user_module (shared)
 authz_owner_module (shared)
 authz_groupfile_module (shared)
 authz_dbm_module (shared)
 authz_default_module (shared)
 ldap_module (shared)
 authnz_ldap_module (shared)
 include_module (shared)
....

Ni hayo tu! katika mafunzo haya rahisi, tulielezea jinsi ya kutumia zana za mwisho za Apache ili kuorodhesha moduli za apache zilizowezeshwa/zilizopakiwa. Kumbuka kwamba unaweza kuwasiliana kwa kutumia fomu ya maoni iliyo hapa chini ili kututumia maswali au maoni yako kuhusu mwongozo huu.