Inxi - Zana Yenye Nguvu Zaidi ya Mfumo wa Amri ya Utajiri wa Taarifa kwa Linux
Inxi ni hati yenye nguvu na ya ajabu ya habari ya mfumo wa amri iliyoundwa kwa ajili ya kiweko na IRC (Soga ya Relay ya Mtandaoni). Inaweza kuajiriwa kubaini papo hapo usanidi wa mfumo wa mtumiaji na maelezo ya maunzi, na pia hufanya kazi kama utatuzi, na zana ya usaidizi wa kiufundi ya jukwaa.
Inaonyesha habari inayofaa kuhusu vifaa vya mfumo (diski ngumu, kadi za sauti, kadi ya picha, kadi za mtandao, CPU, RAM, na zaidi), pamoja na habari ya mfumo kuhusu viendeshaji, Xorg, mazingira ya eneo-kazi, kernel, toleo la (ma) GCC, michakato, uptime, kumbukumbu, na safu pana ya habari nyingine muhimu.
Hata hivyo, matokeo yake hutofautiana kidogo kati ya safu ya amri na IRC, na vichujio chache chaguo-msingi na chaguzi za rangi zinazotumika kwa matumizi ya IRC. Wateja wa IRC wanaotumika ni pamoja na: BitchX, Gaim/Pidgin, ircII, Irssi, Konversation, Kopete, KSirc, KVIrc, Weechat, na Xchat pamoja na zingine zozote ambazo zinaweza kuonyesha pato la Inxi iliyojengwa ndani au nje.
Jinsi ya kufunga Inxi kwenye Mfumo wa Linux
Inix inapatikana katika hazina nyingi za kawaida za usambazaji za Linux, na huendesha kwenye BSD pia.
$ sudo apt-get install inxi [On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint] $ sudo yum install inxi [On CentOs/RHEL/Fedora] $ sudo dnf install inxi [On Fedora 22+]
Kabla ya kuanza kuitumia, tunaweza kuendesha amri ifuatayo ili kuangalia utegemezi wote wa programu pamoja na mapendekezo, na saraka mbalimbali, na kuonyesha ni vifurushi gani tunahitaji kusakinisha ili kuongeza usaidizi kwa kipengele fulani.
$ inxi --recommends
inxi will now begin checking for the programs it needs to operate. First a check of the main languages and tools inxi uses. Python is only for debugging data collection. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bash version: 4.3.42(1)-release Gawk version: 4.1.3, Sed version: Sudo version: 1.8.16 Python version: 2.7.12 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test One: Required System Directories (Linux Only). If one of these system directories is missing, inxi cannot operate: /proc....................................................................... Present /sys........................................................................ Present All the directories are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Two: Required Core Applications. If one of these applications is missing, inxi cannot operate: df (info: partition data)................................................... /bin/df gawk (info: core tool)...................................................... /usr/bin/gawk grep (info: string search).................................................. /bin/grep lspci (info: hardware data)................................................. /usr/bin/lspci ps (info: process data)..................................................... /bin/ps readlink.................................................................... /bin/readlink sed (info: string replace).................................................. /bin/sed tr (info: character replace)................................................ /usr/bin/tr uname (info: kernel data)................................................... /bin/uname wc (info: word character count)............................................. /usr/bin/wc All the applications are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Three: Script Recommends for Graphics Features. NOTE: If you do not use X these do not matter (like a headless server). Otherwise, if one of these applications is missing, inxi will have incomplete output: glxinfo (info: -G glx info)................................................. /usr/bin/glxinfo xdpyinfo (info: -G multi screen resolution)................................. /usr/bin/xdpyinfo xprop (info: -S desktop data)............................................... /usr/bin/xprop xrandr (info: -G single screen resolution).................................. /usr/bin/xrandr All the applications are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Four: Script Recommends for Remaining Features. If one of these applications is missing, inxi will have incomplete output: dig (info: -i first wlan ip default test)................................... /usr/bin/dig dmidecode (info: -M if no sys machine data; -m memory)...................... /usr/sbin/dmidecode file (info: -o unmounted file system)....................................... /usr/bin/file hciconfig (info: -n -i bluetooth data)...................................... /bin/hciconfig hddtemp (info: -Dx show hdd temp)........................................... /usr/sbin/hddtemp ifconfig (info: -i ip lan-deprecated)....................................... /sbin/ifconfig ip (info: -i ip lan)........................................................ /sbin/ip sensors (info: -s sensors output)........................................... /usr/bin/sensors strings (info: -I sysvinit version)......................................... /usr/bin/strings lsusb (info: -A usb audio;-N usb networking)................................ /usr/bin/lsusb modinfo (info: -Ax,-Nx module version)...................................... /sbin/modinfo runlevel (info: -I runlevel)................................................ /sbin/runlevel sudo (info: -Dx hddtemp-user;-o file-user).................................. /usr/bin/sudo uptime (info: -I uptime (check which package owns Debian)).................. /usr/bin/uptime All the applications are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Five: Script Recommends for Remaining Features. One of these downloaders needed for options -i/-w/-W (-U/-! [11-15], if supported): wget (info: -i wan ip;-w/-W;-U/-! [11-15] (if supported))................... /usr/bin/wget curl (info: -i wan ip;-w/-W;-U/-! [11-15] (if supported))................... /usr/bin/curl All the applications are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Six: System Directories for Various Information. (Unless otherwise noted, these are for GNU/Linux systems) If one of these directories is missing, inxi may have incomplete output: /sys/class/dmi/id (info: -M system, motherboard, bios)...................... Present /dev (info: -l,-u,-o,-p,-P,-D disk partition data).......................... Present /dev/disk/by-label (info: -l,-o,-p,-P partition labels)..................... Present /dev/disk/by-uuid (info: -u,-o,-p,-P partition uuid)........................ Present All the directories are present. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test Seven: System Files for Various Information. (Unless otherwise noted, these are for GNU/Linux systems) If one of these files is missing, inxi may have incomplete output: /proc/asound/cards (info: -A sound card data)............................... Present /proc/asound/version (info: -A ALSA data)................................... Present /proc/cpuinfo (info: -C cpu data)........................................... Present /etc/lsb-release (info: -S distro version data [deprecated])................ Present /proc/mdstat (info: -R mdraid data)......................................... Present /proc/meminfo (info: -I memory data)........................................ Present /etc/os-release (info: -S distro version data).............................. Present /proc/partitions (info: -p,-P partitions data).............................. Present /proc/modules (info: -G module data)........................................ Present /proc/mounts (info: -P,-p partition advanced data).......................... Present /var/run/dmesg.boot (info: -D,-d disk data [BSD only])...................... Missing /proc/scsi/scsi (info: -D Advanced hard disk data [used rarely])............ Present /var/log/Xorg.0.log (info: -G graphics driver load status).................. Present The following files are missing from your system: File: /var/run/dmesg.boot --------------------------------------------------------------------------- All tests completed.
Matumizi ya Msingi ya Chombo cha Inxi katika Linux
Zifuatazo ni baadhi ya chaguo za msingi za Inxi tunazoweza kutumia kukusanya taarifa za mashine pamoja na mfumo.
Inapoendeshwa bila bendera yoyote, Inxi itatoa matokeo ya kufanya na mfumo wa CPU, kernel, uptime, saizi ya kumbukumbu, saizi ya diski ngumu, idadi ya michakato, mteja anayetumiwa na toleo la inxi:
$ inxi CPU~Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) speed/max~2164/2700 MHz Kernel~4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 Up~3:15 Mem~3122.0/7879.9MB HDD~1000.2GB(20.0% used) Procs~234 Client~Shell inxi~2.2.35
Amri iliyo hapa chini itaonyesha maelezo ya sampuli ya mfumo (jina la mwenyeji, maelezo ya kernel, mazingira ya eneo-kazi na disto) kwa kutumia -S
bendera:
$ inxi -S System: Host: TecMint Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7 Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah
Ili kuchapisha data ya mashine sawa na maelezo ya bidhaa (mfumo, kitambulisho cha bidhaa, toleo, Mobo, modeli, BIOS n.k), tunaweza kutumia chaguo la -M
kama ifuatavyo:
$ inxi -M Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70 Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014
Tunaweza kuonyesha maelezo kamili ya CPU, ikijumuisha kwa kila kasi ya saa ya CPU na kasi ya juu zaidi ya CPU (ikiwa inapatikana) kwa alama ya -C
kama ifuatavyo:
$ inxi -C CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB clock speeds: max: 2700 MHz 1: 1942 MHz 2: 1968 MHz 3: 1734 MHz 4: 1710 MHz
Chaguo la -G
linaweza kutumika kuonyesha maelezo ya kadi ya picha (aina ya kadi, seva ya kuonyesha, mwonekano, kionyeshi cha GLX na toleo la GLX) kama hivyo:
$ inxi -G Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M] Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: [email GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0
Ili kupata maelezo kuhusu kadi ya sauti/sauti ya mfumo, tunatumia alama ya -A
:
$ inxi -A Audio: Card-1 Intel 8 Series HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA v: k4.4.0-21-generic Card-2 Intel Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel
Ili kuonyesha maelezo ya kadi ya mtandao, tunaweza kutumia alama ya -N
:
$ inxi -N Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169 Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be
Ili kuona taarifa kamili ya diski kuu,(ukubwa, kitambulisho, modeli) tunaweza kutumia alama -D
:
$ inxi -D Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used) ID-1: /dev/sda model: ST1000LM024_HN size: 1000.2GB
Kuonyesha muhtasari wa habari ya mfumo; kwa kuchanganya maelezo yote hapo juu, tunahitaji kutumia alama ya -b
kama ilivyo hapo chini:
$ inxi -b System: Host: TecMint Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7 Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70 Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014 CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) speed/max: 2018/2700 MHz Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M] Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: [email GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0 Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169 Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used) Info: Processes: 233 Uptime: 3:23 Memory: 3137.5/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
Amri ifuatayo itatuwezesha kuona orodha kamili ya sehemu za diski kuu kuhusiana na saizi, nafasi inayotumika na inayopatikana, mfumo wa faili na aina ya mfumo wa faili kwenye kila kizigeu kilicho na -p
bendera:
$ inxi -p Partition: ID-1: / size: 324G used: 183G (60%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda10 ID-2: swap-1 size: 4.00GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda9
Ili kuonyesha matokeo kamili ya Inxi, tunatumia -F
bendera kama ilivyo hapo chini (kumbuka kuwa data fulani huchujwa kwa sababu za usalama kama vile WAN IP):
$ inxi -F System: Host: TecMint Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7 Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70 Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014 CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB clock speeds: max: 2700 MHz 1: 1716 MHz 2: 1764 MHz 3: 1776 MHz 4: 1800 MHz Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M] Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: [email GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0 Audio: Card-1 Intel 8 Series HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA v: k4.4.0-21-generic Card-2 Intel Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169 IF: enp1s0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: 28:d2:44:eb:bd:98 Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be IF: wlp2s0 state: down mac: 38:b1:db:7c:78:c7 Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used) ID-1: /dev/sda model: ST1000LM024_HN size: 1000.2GB Partition: ID-1: / size: 324G used: 183G (60%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda10 ID-2: swap-1 size: 4.00GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda9 RAID: No RAID devices: /proc/mdstat, md_mod kernel module present Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 56.0C mobo: N/A Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A Info: Processes: 234 Uptime: 3:26 Memory: 3188.9/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
Ufuatiliaji wa Mfumo wa Linux na Chombo cha Inxi
Zifuatazo ni chaguo chache zinazotumiwa kufuatilia michakato ya mfumo wa Linux, uptime, kumbukumbu nk.
Pata muhtasari wa maelezo ya mfumo kuhusiana na jumla ya idadi ya michakato, uptime na utumiaji wa kumbukumbu:
$ inxi -I Info: Processes: 232 Uptime: 3:35 Memory: 3256.3/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
Kwa chaguomsingi, inaweza kutusaidia kubainisha michakato 5 bora inayotumia CPU au kumbukumbu. Chaguo la -t
linalotumika pamoja na c
(CPU) na/au m
(kumbukumbu) huorodhesha michakato 5 inayofanya kazi zaidi inayokula CPU. na/au kumbukumbu kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini:
----------------- Linux CPU Usage ----------------- $ inxi -t c Processes: CPU: % used - top 5 active 1: cpu: 53.7% command: plugin-container pid: 3066 2: cpu: 20.0% command: java pid: 1527 3: cpu: 19.7% command: firefox pid: 3018 4: cpu: 4.6% command: Xorg pid: 2114 5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 2835
----------------- Linux Memoery Usage ----------------- $ inxi -t m Processes: Memory: MB / % used - Used/Total: 3212.5/7879.9MB - top 5 active 1: mem: 980.51MB (12.4%) command: plugin-container pid: 3066 2: mem: 508.96MB (6.4%) command: java pid: 1527 3: mem: 507.89MB (6.4%) command: firefox pid: 3018 4: mem: 244.05MB (3.0%) command: chrome pid: 7405 5: mem: 211.46MB (2.6%) command: chrome pid: 6146
----------------- Linux CPU and Memory Usage ----------------- $ inxi -t cm Processes: CPU: % used - top 5 active 1: cpu: 53.7% command: plugin-container pid: 3066 2: cpu: 20.0% command: java pid: 1527 3: cpu: 19.7% command: firefox pid: 3018 4: cpu: 4.6% command: Xorg pid: 2114 5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 2835 Memory: MB / % used - Used/Total: 3223.6/7879.9MB - top 5 active 1: mem: 991.93MB (12.5%) command: plugin-container pid: 3066 2: mem: 508.96MB (6.4%) command: java pid: 1527 3: mem: 507.86MB (6.4%) command: firefox pid: 3018 4: mem: 244.45MB (3.1%) command: chrome pid: 7405 5: mem: 211.68MB (2.6%) command: chrome pid: 6146
Tunaweza kutumia nambari ya cm
(nambari inaweza kuwa 1-20) kubainisha nambari nyingine zaidi ya 5, amri iliyo hapa chini itatuonyesha michakato 10 bora inayotumika zaidi kula CPU na kumbukumbu.
$ inxi -t cm10 Processes: CPU: % used - top 10 active 1: cpu: 53.4% command: plugin-container pid: 3066 2: cpu: 19.8% command: java pid: 1527 3: cpu: 19.5% command: firefox pid: 3018 4: cpu: 4.5% command: Xorg pid: 2114 5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 2835 6: cpu: 2.8% command: chrome pid: 7405 7: cpu: 1.1% command: pulseaudio pid: 2733 8: cpu: 1.0% command: soffice.bin pid: 7799 9: cpu: 0.9% command: chrome pid: 5763 10: cpu: 0.5% command: chrome pid: 6179 Memory: MB / % used - Used/Total: 3163.1/7879.9MB - top 10 active 1: mem: 976.82MB (12.3%) command: plugin-container pid: 3066 2: mem: 511.70MB (6.4%) command: java pid: 1527 3: mem: 466.01MB (5.9%) command: firefox pid: 3018 4: mem: 244.40MB (3.1%) command: chrome pid: 7405 5: mem: 203.71MB (2.5%) command: chrome pid: 6146 6: mem: 199.74MB (2.5%) command: chrome pid: 5763 7: mem: 168.30MB (2.1%) command: cinnamon pid: 2835 8: mem: 165.51MB (2.1%) command: soffice.bin pid: 7799 9: mem: 158.91MB (2.0%) command: chrome pid: 6179 10: mem: 151.83MB (1.9%) command: mysqld pid: 1259
Amri ifuatayo itatuonyesha maelezo ya kina ya kadi ya mtandao ikiwa ni pamoja na kiolesura, kasi, kitambulisho cha mac, jimbo, IPs, n.k:
$ inxi -Nni Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169 IF: enp1s0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: 28:d2:44:eb:bd:98 Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be IF: wlp2s0 state: down mac: 38:b1:db:7c:78:c7 WAN IP: 111.91.115.195 IF: wlp2s0 ip-v4: N/A IF: enp1s0 ip-v4: 192.168.0.103
Tunaweza kufuatilia pato la vifaa vilivyosakinishwa/vilivyosanidiwa kwa kutumia -s chaguo:
$ inxi -s Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 53.0C mobo: N/A Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A
Tunaweza pia kuangalia kama maelezo (ingawa API inayotumiwa si ya kutegemewa) ya eneo la sasa kwa kuweka -w
au -W
eneo tofauti.
$ inxi -w Weather: Conditions: 93 F (34 C) - smoke Time: February 20, 1:38 PM IST $ inxi -W Mumbai,India Weather: Conditions: 93 F (34 C) - smoke Time: February 20, 1:38 PM IST $ inxi -W Nairobi,Kenya Weather: Conditions: 70 F (21 C) - Mostly Cloudy Time: February 20, 11:08 AM EAT
Tunaweza pia kutazama data ya hazina ya distro kwa -r
bendera:
$ inxi -r Repos: Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/dawidd0811-neofetch-xenial.list deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/dawidd0811/neofetch/ubuntu xenial main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/dawidd0811/neofetch/ubuntu xenial main Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/dhor-myway-xenial.list deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/dhor/myway/ubuntu xenial main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/dhor/myway/ubuntu xenial main Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-package-repositories.list deb http://packages.linuxmint.com sarah main upstream import backport deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ xenial partner Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/qbittorrent-team-qbittorrent-stable-xenial.list deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/qbittorrent-team/qbittorrent-stable/ubuntu xenial main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/qbittorrent-team/qbittorrent-stable/ubuntu xenial main Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/slgobinath-safeeyes-xenial.list deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/slgobinath/safeeyes/ubuntu xenial main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/slgobinath/safeeyes/ubuntu xenial main Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/snwh-pulp-xenial.list deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/snwh/pulp/ubuntu xenial main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/snwh/pulp/ubuntu xenial main Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/twodopeshaggy-jarun-xenial.list deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu xenial main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu xenial main Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu-mozilla-security-ppa-xenial.list deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mozilla-security/ppa/ubuntu xenial main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mozilla-security/ppa/ubuntu xenial main
Ili kuona toleo lake la sasa lililosakinishwa, usaidizi wa haraka, na ufungue ukurasa wa mtu kwa orodha kamili ya chaguo na maelezo ya kina ya utumiaji pamoja na mengi zaidi, andika:
$ inxi -v #show version $ inxi -h #quick help $ man inxi #open man page
Kwa habari zaidi, tembelea Hazina rasmi ya GitHub: https://github.com/smxi/inxi
Ni hayo tu kwa sasa! Katika makala haya, tulipitia Inxi, zana kamili ya amri iliyoangaziwa na ya ajabu ya kukusanya maunzi ya mashine na maelezo ya mfumo. Hii ni mojawapo ya zana bora zaidi za kukusanya habari za CLI/mfumo za Linux, ambazo nimewahi kutumia.
Ili kushiriki mawazo yako kuhusu hilo, tumia fomu ya maoni hapa chini. Mwishowe, ikiwa unajua zana zingine muhimu kama vile Inxi huko nje, unaweza kutujulisha na tutafurahi kuzipitia pia.