Jinsi ya Kufunga Kernel 5.0 ya Hivi Punde katika Ubuntu

Mara kwa mara vifaa na teknolojia mpya hutoka na ni muhimu kusasisha kernel ya mfumo wetu wa Linux ikiwa tunataka kunufaika nayo.

Zaidi ya hayo, kusasisha kernel ya mfumo kutaturahisishia kufaidika na vitendaji vipya vya kernel na pia hutusaidia kujilinda kutokana na udhaifu ambao umepatikana katika matoleo ya awali.

Uko tayari kusasisha kernel yako kwenye Ubuntu na Debian au mojawapo ya derivatives zao kama vile Linux Mint? Ikiwa ndivyo, endelea kusoma!

Angalia Toleo la Kernel Iliyosanikishwa

Ili kupata toleo la sasa la kernel iliyosanikishwa kwenye mfumo wetu tunaweza kufanya:

$ uname -sr

Ifuatayo inaonyesha matokeo ya amri hapo juu kwenye seva ya Ubuntu 18.04:

Linux 4.15.0-42-generic

Kuboresha Kernel katika Seva ya Ubuntu

Ili kuboresha kernel katika Ubuntu, nenda kwa http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/ na uchague toleo linalohitajika (Kernel 5.0 ndio ya hivi punde wakati wa kuandika) kutoka kwenye orodha kwa kubofya juu yake. .

Kisha, pakua faili za .deb za usanifu wa mfumo wako kwa kutumia amri ya wget.

$ wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-headers-5.0.0-050000_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_all.deb
$ wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-headers-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_i386.deb
$ wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-image-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_i386.deb
$ wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_i386.deb

$ wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-headers-5.0.0-050000_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_all.deb
$ wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-headers-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb
$ wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb
$ wget https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.0/linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb

Mara tu unapopakua faili zote za kernel hapo juu, sasa zisakinishe kama ifuatavyo:

$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb

(Reading database ... 140176 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack linux-headers-5.0.0-050000_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_all.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-5.0.0-050000 (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) over (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Preparing to unpack linux-headers-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) over (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Preparing to unpack linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) over (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic.
Preparing to unpack linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic_5.0.0-050000.201903032031_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Setting up linux-headers-5.0.0-050000 (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Setting up linux-headers-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Setting up linux-modules-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Setting up linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
Processing triggers for linux-image-unsigned-5.0.0-050000-generic (5.0.0-050000.201903032031) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-050000-generic
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/x-grub-legacy-ec2:
Searching for GRUB installation directory ... found: /boot/grub
Searching for default file ... found: /boot/grub/default
Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst
Searching for splash image ... none found, skipping ...
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-42-generic
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-050000-generic
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-42-generic
Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic
Replacing config file /run/grub/menu.lst with new version
Updating /boot/grub/menu.lst ... done

/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-050000-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-050000-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-42-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-42-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
done

Baada ya usakinishaji kukamilika, washa upya mashine yako na uthibitishe kuwa toleo jipya la kernel linatumika:

$ uname -sr

Na ndivyo hivyo. Sasa unatumia toleo la hivi karibuni la kernel kuliko ile iliyosanikishwa kwa chaguo-msingi na Ubuntu.

Katika nakala hii tumeonyesha jinsi ya kusasisha kwa urahisi kinu cha Linux kwenye mfumo wa Ubuntu. Bado kuna utaratibu mwingine ambao hatujaonyesha hapa kwani unahitaji kuandaa kernel kutoka kwa chanzo, ambayo haipendekezi kwenye mifumo ya Linux ya uzalishaji.

Ikiwa bado una nia ya kuunda kernel kama uzoefu wa kujifunza, utapata maagizo ya jinsi ya kuifanya kwenye ukurasa wa Kernel Newbies.

Kama kawaida, jisikie huru kutumia fomu iliyo hapa chini ikiwa una maswali au maoni yoyote kuhusu nakala hii.