Mifano muhimu ya Amri za mpangishi kwa Kuuliza Utafutaji wa DNS
Amri ya seva pangishi ni matumizi madogo na rahisi kutumia CLI kwa ajili ya kufanya utafutaji wa DNS ambao hutafsiri majina ya vikoa hadi anwani za IP na kinyume chake. Inaweza pia kutumika kuorodhesha na kuthibitisha aina mbalimbali za rekodi za DNS kama vile NS na MX, kujaribu na kuthibitisha seva ya ISP DNS na muunganisho wa Mtandao, rekodi taka na kuorodhesha, kugundua na kutatua masuala ya seva ya DNS miongoni mwa mengine.
Katika makala hii, tutajifunza jinsi ya kutumia amri ya mwenyeji na mifano michache muhimu katika Linux kufanya utafutaji wa DNS. Katika makala yaliyotangulia, tulionyesha amri 8 za Nslookup zinazotumiwa zaidi kwa ajili ya kujaribu na kutatua seva za DNS na kuuliza rekodi maalum za rasilimali za DNS (RR) pia.
Pia tulielezea amri 10 za Linux Dig (Domain Information Groper) ili kuuliza maelezo ya DNS, inafanya kazi zaidi kama zana ya Nslookup. Huduma ya seva pangishi pia inafanya kazi kwa njia sawa na huja ikiwa imesakinishwa mapema ikiwa sio distros zote kuu za Linux.
Kwa kusema hivyo, wacha tuangalie amri hizi 14 za mwenyeji hapa chini.
Tafuta Anwani ya IP ya Kikoa
Hii ndiyo amri rahisi zaidi ya mpangishi unayoweza kutekeleza, toa tu jina la kikoa kama vile google.com ili kupata anwani za IP zinazohusiana.
$ host google.com google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
Tafuta Seva za Jina la Kikoa
Ili kujua seva za jina la kikoa tumia -t chaguo.
$ host -t ns google.com google.com name server ns1.google.com. google.com name server ns2.google.com. google.com name server ns3.google.com. google.com name server ns4.google.com.
Tafuta Rekodi ya CNAME ya Kikoa
Ili kujua kikoa CNAME, endesha.
$ host -t cname mail.google.com mail.google.com is an alias for googlemail.l.google.com.
Pata Rekodi ya MX ya Kikoa
Ili kujua rekodi za MX za kikoa.
$ host -n -t mx google.com ogle.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
Pata Rekodi ya TXT ya Kikoa
Ili kujua rekodi za TXT za kikoa.
$ host -t txt google.com google.com descriptive text "v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all"
Pata Rekodi ya SOA ya Kikoa
Unaweza kufanya jaribio la mpangishaji kuonyesha rekodi za SOA za eneo maalum, kutoka kwa seva zote za majina zilizoorodheshwa za ukanda huo kwa -C bendera.
$ host -C google.com Nameserver 216.239.38.10: google.com has SOA record ns1.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60 Nameserver 216.239.32.10: google.com has SOA record ns3.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60 Nameserver 216.239.34.10: google.com has SOA record ns4.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60 Nameserver 216.239.36.10: google.com has SOA record ns2.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60
Hoji Seva ya Jina mahususi
Ili kuuliza seva ya jina la kikoa.
$ host google.com ns4.google.com Using domain server: Name: ns4.google.com Address: 216.239.38.10#53 Aliases: google.com has address 172.217.19.46 google.com has address 172.217.19.46 google.com has address 172.217.19.46 google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4005:808::200e google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
Pata Taarifa Zote za Rekodi za Kikoa na Kanda
Ili kuuliza swali la aina YOYOTE, tumia chaguo la -a (zote) ambalo ni sawa na kuweka chaguo la -v.
$ host -a google.com Trying "google.com" ;; ->>HEADER<
Pata Habari ya TTL ya Kikoa
Ili kujua habari ya kikoa cha TTL.
$ host -v -t a google.com Trying "google.com" ;; ->>HEADER<
Tumia IPv4 au IPv6
Chaguo la -4 au -6 hulazimisha mpangishi kutumia IPv4 pekee au usafiri wa hoja wa IPV6 tu mtawalia.
$ host -4 google.com OR $ host -6 google.com
Tekeleza Maswali Yasiyo ya Kujirudia
Chaguo la -r hutekeleza maswali yasiyojirudia, kumbuka kuwa kuweka chaguo hili husafisha RD (recursion taka), sehemu ndogo katika hoja ambayo seva pangishi hufanya.
$ host -rR 5 google.com google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
Weka Majaribio ya UDP tena kwa Utaftaji
Kwa chaguo-msingi nambari ya UDP inayojaribu ni 1, ili kuibadilisha, tumia alama ya -R.
$ host -R 5 google.com google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
Weka Muda wa Kusubiri Kujibu
Kwa kutumia swichi ya -W, unaweza kuelekeza mpangishi angojee jibu kwa muda uliobainishwa katika sekunde na ikiwa alama ya -w itatumika, itamfanya mwenyeji kusubiri milele. kwa jibu:
$ host -T -W 10 google.com google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
Ni hayo tu! Katika makala hii, tulijifunza jinsi ya kutumia amri ya mwenyeji na mifano michache muhimu katika Linux. Tumia fomu ya maoni hapa chini kushiriki nasi mawazo yoyote kuhusu mwongozo huu.