Jinsi ya Kufuta Kernels za Zamani Zisizotumika katika CentOS, RHEL na Fedora

Katika makala hii, tutaonyesha jinsi ya kuondoa picha za kernel za zamani/zisizotumiwa kwenye mifumo ya RHEL/CentOS/Fedora. Hata hivyo, kabla ya kuondoa punje kuukuu, ni muhimu kusasisha punje yako; sakinisha toleo jipya zaidi ili kutumia vitendaji vipya vya kernel na kulinda mfumo wako dhidi ya udhaifu ambao umegunduliwa katika matoleo ya awali.

Ili kusakinisha au kusasisha hadi toleo la hivi punde la kernel katika mifumo ya RHEL/CentOS/Fedora, soma mwongozo huu:

Jinsi ya Kusakinisha au Kuboresha hadi Toleo la Hivi Punde la Kernel katika CentOS 7

Tahadhari: Kinyume chake, inashauriwa kuweka angalau punje moja au mbili kuu ili kurudi nyuma ikiwa kuna tatizo na sasisho.

Ili kuonyesha toleo la sasa la Linux (kernel) inayoendesha kwenye mfumo wako, endesha amri hii.

# uname -sr

Linux 3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64

Unaweza kuorodhesha picha zote za kernel zilizosanikishwa kwenye mfumo wako kama hii.

# rpm -q kernel

kernel-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-327.3.1.el7.x86_64
kernel-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64

Unahitaji kusakinisha yum-utils, ambayo ni aina mbalimbali ya huduma zinazounganishwa na yum ili kuifanya iwe na nguvu zaidi na rahisi kutumia, kwa kupanua vipengele vyake asili kwa njia kadhaa tofauti.

# yum install yum-utils

Mojawapo ya huduma hizi ni usafishaji wa kifurushi ambao unaweza kutumia kufuta kernel ya zamani kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini, alama ya kuhesabu inatumika kubainisha idadi ya punje unazotaka kuacha kwenye mfumo.

# package-cleanup --oldkernels --count=2

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, versionlock
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-229.el7 will be erased
---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-229.14.1.el7 will be erased
---> Package kernel-devel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-229.1.2.el7 will be erased
---> Package kernel-devel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-229.14.1.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                       Arch                                    Version                                                Repository                                  Size
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Removing:
 kernel                                        x86_64                                  3.10.0-229.el7                                         @anaconda                                  131 M
 kernel                                        x86_64                                  3.10.0-229.14.1.el7                                    @updates                                   131 M
 kernel-devel                                  x86_64                                  3.10.0-229.1.2.el7                                     @updates                                    32 M
 kernel-devel                                  x86_64                                  3.10.0-229.14.1.el7                                    @updates                                    32 M

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Remove  4 Packages

Installed size: 326 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : kernel-devel.x86_64                            1/4 
  Erasing    : kernel.x86_64                                  2/4 
  Erasing    : kernel-devel.x86_64                            3/4 
  Erasing    : kernel.x86_64                                  4/4 
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: centos.mirror.snu.edu.in
 * epel: repo.ugm.ac.id
 * extras: centos.mirror.snu.edu.in
 * rpmforge: kartolo.sby.datautama.net.id
 * updates: centos.mirror.snu.edu.in
  Verifying  : kernel-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64                   1/4 
  Verifying  : kernel-devel-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64        2/4 
  Verifying  : kernel-3.10.0-229.14.1.el7.x86_64              3/4 
  Verifying  : kernel-devel-3.10.0-229.1.2.el7.x86_64         4/4 

Removed:
  kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-229.el7           kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-229.14.1.el7           kernel-devel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-229.1.2.el7           kernel-devel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-229.14.1.el7          

Complete!

Muhimu: Baada ya kutekeleza amri iliyo hapo juu, itaondoa kokwa zote kuukuu/zisizotumika na kuweka kernel ya sasa inayoendelea na kernel ya zamani kama chelezo.

Fedora sasa hutumia meneja wa kifurushi cha yum, kwa hivyo unahitaji kutumia amri hii hapa chini kuondoa kernels za zamani kwenye Fedora.

# dnf remove $(dnf repoquery --installonly --latest-limit 2 -q)

Njia nyingine mbadala ya kuondoa kokwa kuu kiotomatiki ni kuweka kikomo cha kernel katika faili ya yum.conf kama inavyoonyeshwa.

installonly_limit=2		#set kernel count

Hifadhi na funga faili. Wakati mwingine utakapoendesha sasisho, kernels mbili pekee ndizo zitasalia kwenye mfumo.

Unaweza pia kupenda kusoma nakala hizi zifuatazo zinazohusiana kwenye Linux kernel.

Jinsi ya Kupakia na Kupakua Module za Kernel katika Linux
Jinsi ya Kuboresha Kernel hadi Toleo la Hivi Punde katika Ubuntu
Jinsi ya Kubadilisha Vigezo vya Muda wa Kuendesha Kernel kwa Njia ya Kudumu na Isiyo Kudumu

Katika makala hii, tulielezea jinsi ya kuondoa picha za kernel za zamani/zisizotumiwa kwenye mifumo ya RHEL/CentOS/Fedora. Unaweza kushiriki mawazo yoyote kupitia maoni kutoka hapa chini.