Jinsi ya Kuwasha, Kuzima na Kusakinisha programu-jalizi za Yum

Programu jalizi za YUM ni programu ndogo zinazopanua na kuboresha utendaji wa jumla wa kidhibiti kifurushi. Wachache wao wamewekwa kwa chaguo-msingi, wakati wengi sio. Yum kila wakati inakujulisha ni programu-jalizi zipi, ikiwa zipo, zimepakiwa na kufanya kazi wakati wowote unapoendesha amri yoyote ya yum.

Katika makala haya mafupi, tutaeleza jinsi ya kuwasha au kuzima na kusanidi programu jalizi za kidhibiti kifurushi cha YUM katika usambazaji wa CentOS/RHEL.

Ili kuona programu-jalizi zote zinazotumika, endesha amri ya yum kwenye terminal. Kutoka kwa pato lililo hapa chini, unaweza kuona kwamba programu-jalizi ya kioo cha haraka zaidi imepakiwa.

# yum search nginx

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Determining fastest mirrors
...

Inawasha Programu-jalizi za YUM

Ili kuwezesha programu-jalizi za yum, hakikisha kwamba maagizo plugins=1 (maana 1 yamewashwa) yanapatikana chini ya sehemu [kuu] katika faili ya /etc/yum.conf, kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini.

# vi /etc/yum.conf

[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1 installonly_limit=5

Hii ni njia ya jumla ya kuwezesha programu-jalizi za yum kimataifa. Kama tutakavyoona baadaye, unaweza kuwawezesha kibinafsi katika faili zao za usanidi zinazopokea.

Inalemaza Programu-jalizi za YUM

Ili kuzima programu-jalizi za yum, badilisha tu thamani iliyo hapo juu hadi 0 (maana yake imezimwa), ambayo huzima programu-jalizi zote ulimwenguni.

plugins=0

Katika hatua hii, ni muhimu kutambua kwamba:

  • Kwa kuwa programu-jalizi chache (kama vile kitambulisho cha bidhaa na msimamizi wa usajili) hutoa utendakazi muhimu, haipendekezwi kuzima programu-jalizi zote hasa kimataifa.
  • Pili, kuzima programu-jalizi duniani kote kunaruhusiwa kama njia rahisi ya kutoka, na hii ina maana kwamba unaweza kutumia kifungu hiki unapochunguza tatizo linalowezekana na yum.
  • Mipangilio ya programu-jalizi mbalimbali zinapatikana katika /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/.
  • Kuzima programu-jalizi duniani kote katika /etc/yum.conf kunabatilisha mipangilio katika faili binafsi za usanidi.
  • Na unaweza pia kuzima programu-jalizi moja au yum zote unapoendesha yum, kama ilivyoelezwa baadaye.

Kusakinisha na Kusanidi Programu-jalizi za Ziada za YUM

Unaweza kuona orodha ya programu-jalizi zote za yum na maelezo yao kwa kutumia amri hii.

# yum search yum-plugin

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net
 * epel: www.mirrorservice.org
 * extras: mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net
 * updates: mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net
========================================================================= N/S matched: yum-plugin ==========================================================================
PackageKit-yum-plugin.x86_64 : Tell PackageKit to check for updates when yum exits
fusioninventory-agent-yum-plugin.noarch : Ask FusionInventory agent to send an inventory when yum exits
kabi-yum-plugins.noarch : The CentOS Linux kernel ABI yum plugin
yum-plugin-aliases.noarch : Yum plugin to enable aliases filters
yum-plugin-auto-update-debug-info.noarch : Yum plugin to enable automatic updates to installed debuginfo packages
yum-plugin-changelog.noarch : Yum plugin for viewing package changelogs before/after updating
yum-plugin-fastestmirror.noarch : Yum plugin which chooses fastest repository from a mirrorlist
yum-plugin-filter-data.noarch : Yum plugin to list filter based on package data
yum-plugin-fs-snapshot.noarch : Yum plugin to automatically snapshot your filesystems during updates
yum-plugin-keys.noarch : Yum plugin to deal with signing keys
yum-plugin-list-data.noarch : Yum plugin to list aggregate package data
yum-plugin-local.noarch : Yum plugin to automatically manage a local repo. of downloaded packages
yum-plugin-merge-conf.noarch : Yum plugin to merge configuration changes when installing packages
yum-plugin-ovl.noarch : Yum plugin to work around overlayfs issues
yum-plugin-post-transaction-actions.noarch : Yum plugin to run arbitrary commands when certain pkgs are acted on
yum-plugin-priorities.noarch : plugin to give priorities to packages from different repos
yum-plugin-protectbase.noarch : Yum plugin to protect packages from certain repositories.
yum-plugin-ps.noarch : Yum plugin to look at processes, with respect to packages
yum-plugin-remove-with-leaves.noarch : Yum plugin to remove dependencies which are no longer used because of a removal
yum-plugin-rpm-warm-cache.noarch : Yum plugin to access the rpmdb files early to warm up access to the db
yum-plugin-show-leaves.noarch : Yum plugin which shows newly installed leaf packages
yum-plugin-tmprepo.noarch : Yum plugin to add temporary repositories
yum-plugin-tsflags.noarch : Yum plugin to add tsflags by a commandline option
yum-plugin-upgrade-helper.noarch : Yum plugin to help upgrades to the next distribution version
yum-plugin-verify.noarch : Yum plugin to add verify command, and options
yum-plugin-versionlock.noarch : Yum plugin to lock specified packages from being updated

Ili kusakinisha programu-jalizi, tumia njia sawa ya kusakinisha kifurushi. Kwa mfano tutasakinisha programu-jalizi ya changelog ambayo hutumiwa kuonyesha mabadiliko ya kifurushi kabla/baada ya kusasisha.

# yum install yum-plugin-changelog

Mara baada ya kusakinisha, changelog itawezeshwa kwa chaguo-msingi, ili kuthibitisha kuangalia katika faili yake ya usanidi.

# vi /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/changelog.conf

Sasa unaweza kutazama mabadiliko ya kifurushi (httpd katika kesi hii) kama hii.

# yum changelog httpd

Loaded plugins: changelog, fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.linode.com
 * epel: mirror.freethought-internet.co.uk
 * extras: mirrors.linode.com
 * updates: mirrors.linode.com

Listing all changelogs

==================== Installed Packages ====================
httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64       installed
* Wed Apr 12 17:30:00 2017 CentOS Sources <[email > - 2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4
- Remove index.html, add centos-noindex.tar.gz
- change vstring
- change symlink for poweredby.png
- update welcome.conf with proper aliases
...

Lemaza programu-jalizi za YUM kwenye Mstari wa Amri

Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo awali, tunaweza pia kuzima programu-jalizi moja au zaidi tunapoendesha amri ya yum kwa kutumia chaguo hizi mbili muhimu.

  • --noplugins - huzima programu-jalizi zote
  • --disableplugin=plugin_name - huzima programu-jalizi moja

Unaweza kulemaza programu-jalizi zote kama katika amri hii ya yum.

# yum search --noplugins yum-plugin

Amri inayofuata inalemaza programu-jalizi, kioo cha kasi zaidi wakati wa kusakinisha kifurushi cha httpd.

# yum install --disableplugin=fastestmirror httpd

Loaded plugins: changelog
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: httpd = 2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4 for package: 1:mod_ssl-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.4.x86_64
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos.6 will be an update
...

Ni hayo kwa sasa! unaweza pia kupenda kusoma makala haya yafuatayo yanayohusiana na YUM.

  1. Jinsi ya Kutumia ‘Yum History’ ili Kujua Maelezo ya Vifurushi Vilivyosakinishwa au Kuondolewa
  2. Jinsi ya Kurekebisha Hitilafu ya Yum: Picha ya Hifadhidata Haijaundwa Vibaya

Katika mwongozo huu, tulionyesha jinsi ya kuwezesha, kusanidi au kulemaza programu-jalizi za kidhibiti kifurushi cha YUM katika CentOS/RHEL 7. Tumia fomu ya maoni iliyo hapa chini kuuliza swali lolote au kushiriki maoni yako kuhusu makala haya.