networkctl - Uliza Hali ya Viungo vya Mtandao katika Linux
Networkctl ni matumizi ya mstari wa amri kwa kuangalia muhtasari wa vifaa vya mtandao na hali ya uunganisho wao. Inakuruhusu kuuliza na kudhibiti mfumo mdogo wa mtandao wa Linux. Ni moja ya amri mpya katika toleo jipya la systemd ambalo lipo kwenye Ubuntu 18.04. Inaonyesha hali ya viungo vya mtandao kama inavyoonekana na systemd-networkd.
Kumbuka: Kabla ya kuendesha networkctl, hakikisha kwamba systemd-networkd inaendeshwa, vinginevyo utapata matokeo yasiyokamilika yanayoonyeshwa na hitilafu ifuatayo.
WARNING: systemd-networkd is not running, output will be incomplete.
Unaweza kuangalia hali ya systemd-networkd kwa kuendesha amri ifuatayo ya systemctl.
$ sudo systemctl status systemd-networkd
● systemd-networkd.service - Network Service
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-07-31 11:38:52 IST; 1s ago
Docs: man:systemd-networkd.service(8)
Main PID: 13682 (systemd-network)
Status: "Processing requests..."
CGroup: /system.slice/systemd-networkd.service
└─13682 /lib/systemd/systemd-networkd
Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd[1]: Starting Network Service...
Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd-networkd[13682]: vmnet8: Gained IPv6LL
Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd-networkd[13682]: vmnet1: Gained IPv6LL
Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd-networkd[13682]: enp1s0: Gained IPv6LL
Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd-networkd[13682]: Enumeration completed
Jul 31 11:38:52 TecMint systemd[1]: Started Network Service.
Ikiwa systemd-networkd haifanyi kazi, unaweza kuianzisha na kuiwezesha kuanza wakati wa kuwasha kwa kutumia amri zifuatazo.
$ sudo systemctl start systemd-networkd $ sudo systemctlenable systemd-networkd
Ili kupata taarifa ya hali kuhusu viungo vya mtandao wako, endesha amri ifuatayo ya networkctl bila mabishano yoyote.
$ networkctl IDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP 1 lo loopback carrier unmanaged 2 enp1s0 ether routable unmanaged 3 wlp2s0 wlan off unmanaged 4 vmnet1 ether routable unmanaged 5 vmnet8 ether routable unmanaged 5 links listed.
Ili kuonyesha viungo vyote vya mtandao na hali yake, tumia alama ya -a.
$ networkctl -a IDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP 1 lo loopback carrier unmanaged 2 enp1s0 ether routable unmanaged 3 wlp2s0 wlan off unmanaged 4 vmnet1 ether routable unmanaged 5 vmnet8 ether routable unmanaged 5 links listed.
Ili kupata orodha ya viungo vilivyopo na hali yake, tumia amri ya orodha (sawa na kutumia alama ya -a) kama inavyoonyeshwa.
$ networkctl list IDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP 1 lo loopback carrier unmanaged 2 enp1s0 ether routable unmanaged 3 wlp2s0 wlan off unmanaged 4 vmnet1 ether routable unmanaged 5 vmnet8 ether routable unmanaged 5 links listed.
Ili kuonyesha taarifa kuhusu viungo vilivyobainishwa, kama vile aina, hali, kiendeshi cha moduli ya kernel, maunzi na anwani ya IP, DNS iliyosanidiwa, seva na zaidi, tumia amri ya hali. Ikiwa hutabainisha viungo vyovyote, viungo vinavyoweza kubadilishwa vinaonyeshwa kwa chaguo-msingi.
$ networkctl status
● State: routable
Address: 192.168.0.103 on enp1s0
172.16.236.1 on vmnet1
192.168.167.1 on vmnet8
fe80::8f0c:7825:8057:5eec on enp1s0
fe80::250:56ff:fec0:1 on vmnet1
fe80::250:56ff:fec0:8 on vmnet8
Gateway: 192.168.0.1 (TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.) on enp1s0
AU
$ networkctl status enp1s0
● 2: enp1s0
Link File: /lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
Network File: n/a
Type: ether
State: routable (unmanaged)
Path: pci-0000:01:00.0
Driver: r8169
Vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
Model: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
HW Address: 28:d2:44:eb:bd:98 (LCFC(HeFei) Electronics Technology Co., Ltd.)
Address: 192.168.0.103
fe80::8f0c:7825:8057:5eec
Gateway: 192.168.0.1 (TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.)
Ili kuonyesha hali ya LLDP (Itifaki ya Ugunduzi wa Tabaka la Kiungo), tumia amri ya lldp.
$ networkctl lldp
Kwa chaguo-msingi, matokeo ya networkctl yanaingizwa kwenye paja, unaweza kuzuia hili kwa kuongeza -no-pager bendera.
$ networkctl --no-pager
Unaweza pia kuchapisha towe bila vichwa vya safu wima na kijachini kwa kutumia chaguo la --no-legend.
$ networkctl --no-legend
Ili kuona ujumbe wake wa usaidizi, tumia alama ya -h au angalia ukurasa wake wa mtu kwa maelezo zaidi.
$ networkctl -h OR $ man networkctl
Pia utapata miongozo ifuatayo ya mitandao ya Linux kuwa muhimu:
- pakua - Fuatilia Utumiaji wa Bandwidth ya Mtandao wa Linux kwa Wakati Halisi
- Amri 10 Muhimu \IP Kuweka Miundo ya Mitandao
- Amri 15 Muhimu \ifconfig Kuweka Kiolesura cha Mtandao katika Linux
- Amri 12 za Tcpdump - Zana ya Kunusa Mtandao
Ni hayo tu! Katika nakala hii, tumeelezea jinsi ya kutumia amri ya networkctl kwa kutazama muhtasari wa vifaa vya mtandao vilivyowekwa kwenye mfumo wa Linux. Tumia fomu ya maoni hapa chini kushiriki mawazo yako au kuuliza maswali yoyote.