Jinsi ya Kufunga Docker na Kuendesha Vyombo vya Docker huko Ubuntu
Docker ni chanzo huria na teknolojia maarufu ya uboreshaji wa kiwango cha mfumo wa uendeshaji (unaojulikana sana kama \containerization) ambayo hutumika kimsingi kwenye Linux na Windows. Docker hurahisisha kuunda, kusambaza na kuendesha programu kwa kutumia vyombo.
Kwa kontena, wasanidi programu (na wasimamizi wa mfumo) wanaweza kufunga programu na kila kitu kinachohitajika ili kuendesha programu - nambari ya kuthibitisha, muda wa kukimbia, maktaba, vigezo vya mazingira, na faili za usanidi, na kuzisafirisha zote kama kifurushi kimoja. Ndiyo, ni nzuri sana!
Katika makala hii, tutakuonyesha jinsi ya kusakinisha Docker CE (Toleo la Jumuiya), kuunda na kuendesha vyombo vya Docker kwenye usambazaji wa Ubuntu.
Kufunga Docker CE (Toleo la Jumuiya) katika Ubuntu
1. Ili kusakinisha Docker CE, kwanza, unahitaji kuondoa matoleo ya zamani ya Docker yaliyoitwa docker
, docker.io
, au docker-engine
kutoka kwa mfumo kwa kutumia amri ifuatayo.
$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
2. Kisha, unahitaji kusanidi hazina ya Docker ili kusakinisha na kusasisha Docker kutoka kwenye hifadhi kwa kutumia amri zifuatazo.
$ sudo apt-get update $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add - $ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
3. Sasisha faharasa ya kifurushi cha apt na usakinishe toleo jipya zaidi la Docker CE kwa kutumia amri zifuatazo.
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount pigz The following NEW packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli pigz 0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 167 not upgraded. Need to get 50.7 MB of archives. After this operation, 243 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.4-1 [57.4 kB] Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.2.4-1 [19.9 MB] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 [104 kB] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.4 [6,320 B] Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [13.1 MB] Get:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [17.4 MB] Fetched 50.7 MB in 7s (7,779 kB/s) ...
4. Baada ya kusakinisha kifurushi cha Docker CE kwa ufanisi, huduma inapaswa kuanzishwa kiotomatiki na kuwezeshwa kiotomatiki ili kuanza kwenye mfumo wa boot, unaweza kuangalia hali yake kwa kutumia amri ifuatayo.
$ sudo systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-03-06 08:06:42 UTC; 2min 18s ago Docs: https://docs.docker.com Main PID: 5274 (dockerd) Tasks: 8 CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service └─5274 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562587408Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime" Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562767803Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight" Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562966844Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight_device" Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.565298457Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start." Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.950942467Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a prefer Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.036964493Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done." Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.156279378Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=774a1f4 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=18.09.3 Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.157145045Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization" Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine. Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.224229999Z" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
5. Hatimaye, thibitisha kuwa Docker CE imesakinishwa ipasavyo kwa kuendesha picha ya hello-world
.
$ sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker! This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly. To generate this message, Docker took the following steps: 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon. 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub. (amd64) 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently reading. 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal. To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with: $ docker run -it ubuntu bash Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID: https://hub.docker.com/ For more examples and ideas, visit: https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
Jifunze Amri za Msingi za Docker katika Ubuntu
6. Ili kupata habari kuhusu Docker, endesha amri ifuatayo.
$ sudo docker info Kernel Version: 5.0.0-050000-generic Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 1 Total Memory: 1.452GiB Name: tecmint ID: FWSB:IRIF:DYL7:PRB5:Y66E:37MY:ISPO:HZVY:6YJO:2IYL:TO6Y:GNB7 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode (client): false Debug Mode (server): false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false Product License: Community Engine
7. Ili kupata taarifa kuhusu toleo la Docker, endesha amri ifuatayo.
$ sudo docker version Client: Version: 18.09.3 API version: 1.39 Go version: go1.10.8 Git commit: 774a1f4 Built: Thu Feb 28 06:53:11 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 18.09.3 API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.10.8 Git commit: 774a1f4 Built: Thu Feb 28 05:59:55 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false
8. Ili kupata orodha ya amri zote zinazopatikana za Docker endesha docker
kwenye terminal yako.
$ docker Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND A self-sufficient runtime for containers Options: --config string Location of client config files (default "/home/tecmint/.docker") -D, --debug Enable debug mode -H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to -l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info") --tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify --tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/ca.pem") --tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/cert.pem") --tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/key.pem") --tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote -v, --version Print version information and quit Management Commands: builder Manage builds config Manage Docker configs container Manage containers engine Manage the docker engine image Manage images network Manage networks node Manage Swarm nodes plugin Manage plugins secret Manage Docker secrets service Manage services stack Manage Docker stacks swarm Manage Swarm system Manage Docker trust Manage trust on Docker images volume Manage volumes ....
Pakua Picha ya Docker katika Ubuntu
9. Ili kuendesha chombo cha Docker, kwanza, unahitaji kupakua picha kutoka kwa Docker Hub - hutoa picha za bure kutoka kwa hifadhi zake.
Kwa mfano, ili kupakua picha ya Docker inayoitwa CentOS 7
, toa amri ifuatayo.
$ sudo docker search centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 5227 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 120 [OK] jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86… 107 [OK] consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 81 [OK] imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 50 [OK] centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 47 tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 43 gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glust… 40 [OK] openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I… 39 centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 37 centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.5… 33 kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 26 [OK] openshift/jenkins-2-centos7 A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w… 20 centos/php-56-centos7 Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap… 19 pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 10 openshift/wildfly-101-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use … 6 openshift/jenkins-1-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Jenkins v1.x ima… 4 darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK] pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do… 2 pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t… 2 pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi… 1 openshift/wildfly-81-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v8.1 image for use w… 1 blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK] smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK] jameseckersall/sonarr-centos Sonarr on CentOS 7 0 [OK]
10. Baada ya kuamua ni picha gani ungependa kutumia kulingana na mahitaji yako, ipakue ndani ya nchi kwa kutekeleza amri iliyo hapa chini (katika kesi hii picha ya CentOS inapakuliwa na kutumika).
$ docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos a02a4930cb5d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
11. Kuorodhesha picha zote za Docker zinazopatikana kwenye mwenyeji wako endesha amri ifuatayo.
$ sudo docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 2 months ago 1.84kB centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202MB
12. Ikiwa hutaki picha ya Docker tena na unaweza kuiondoa kwa kutumia amri ifuatayo.
$ sudo docker rmi centos Untagged: centos:latest Untagged: [email :184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426 Deleted: sha256:1e1148e4cc2c148c6890a18e3b2d2dde41a6745ceb4e5fe94a923d811bf82ddb Deleted: sha256:071d8bd765171080d01682844524be57ac9883e53079b6ac66707e192ea25956
Endesha Chombo cha Docker huko Ubuntu
13. Ili kuunda na kuendesha kontena ya Docker, kwanza unahitaji kutekeleza amri kwenye picha ya CentOS
iliyopakuliwa, kwa hivyo amri ya msingi itakuwa kuangalia faili ya toleo la usambazaji ndani ya chombo kwa kutumia paka amri. , kama inavyoonekana.
$ docker run centos cat /etc/issue
14. Ili kuendesha vyombo tena, kwanza unahitaji kupata Kitambulisho cha Chombo au Jina kwa kutekeleza amri ifuatayo, ambayo itaonyesha orodha ya vyombo vinavyoendeshwa na kusimamishwa:
$ sudo docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0ddfa81c5779 centos "cat /etc/issue" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago elastic_shirley
15. Kitambulisho cha Kontena au Jina likishapatikana, unaweza kuanzisha kontena kwa kutumia amri ifuatayo:
$ sudo docker start 0ddfa81c5779 OR $ sudo docker start elastic_shirley
Hapa, mfuatano 0ddfa81c5779
unawakilisha kitambulisho cha chombo na elastic_shirley
inawakilisha Jina la chombo.
16. Kusimamisha kontena inayoendesha endesha amri ya docker stop
kwa kubainisha Kitambulisho cha Chombo au Jina.
$ sudo docker stop 0ddfa81c5779 OR $ sudo docker stop elastic_shirley
17. Njia bora zaidi, ili usilazimike kukumbuka kitambulisho cha chombo itakuwa kufafanua jina la kipekee kwa kila chombo unachounda kwa kutumia chaguo la --name
kama inavyoonyeshwa.
$ docker run --name myname centos cat /etc/issue
18. Ili kuunganisha na kuendesha amri za Linux kwenye kontena toa amri ifuatayo.
$ docker run -it centos bash uname -a Linux 6213ec547863 5.0.0-050000-generic #201903032031 SMP Mon Mar 4 01:33:18 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
19. Ili kuondoka na kurudi kwenye seva pangishi kutoka kwa kipindi cha kontena inayoendeshwa lazima uandike toka
amri kama inavyoonyeshwa.
$ exit
Hiyo yote ni kwa ujanja wa msingi wa chombo. Ikiwa una maswali au maoni yoyote kuhusu makala hii, tumia fomu ya maoni iliyo hapa chini ili kuwasiliana nasi.