Jinsi ya Kufunga Docker na Kuendesha Vyombo vya Docker huko Ubuntu


Docker ni chanzo huria na teknolojia maarufu ya uboreshaji wa kiwango cha mfumo wa uendeshaji (unaojulikana sana kama \containerization) ambayo hutumika kimsingi kwenye Linux na Windows. Docker hurahisisha kuunda, kusambaza na kuendesha programu kwa kutumia vyombo.

Kwa kontena, wasanidi programu (na wasimamizi wa mfumo) wanaweza kufunga programu na kila kitu kinachohitajika ili kuendesha programu - nambari ya kuthibitisha, muda wa kukimbia, maktaba, vigezo vya mazingira, na faili za usanidi, na kuzisafirisha zote kama kifurushi kimoja. Ndiyo, ni nzuri sana!

Katika makala hii, tutakuonyesha jinsi ya kusakinisha Docker CE (Toleo la Jumuiya), kuunda na kuendesha vyombo vya Docker kwenye usambazaji wa Ubuntu.

Kufunga Docker CE (Toleo la Jumuiya) katika Ubuntu

1. Ili kusakinisha Docker CE, kwanza, unahitaji kuondoa matoleo ya zamani ya Docker yaliyoitwa docker, docker.io, au docker-engine kutoka kwa mfumo kwa kutumia amri ifuatayo.

$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

2. Kisha, unahitaji kusanidi hazina ya Docker ili kusakinisha na kusasisha Docker kutoka kwenye hifadhi kwa kutumia amri zifuatazo.

$ sudo apt-get update
$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

3. Sasisha faharasa ya kifurushi cha apt na usakinishe toleo jipya zaidi la Docker CE kwa kutumia amri zifuatazo.

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount pigz
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli pigz
0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 167 not upgraded.
Need to get 50.7 MB of archives.
After this operation, 243 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.4-1 [57.4 kB]
Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.2.4-1 [19.9 MB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 [104 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.4 [6,320 B]
Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [13.1 MB]
Get:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [17.4 MB]
Fetched 50.7 MB in 7s (7,779 kB/s)                                     
...

4. Baada ya kusakinisha kifurushi cha Docker CE kwa ufanisi, huduma inapaswa kuanzishwa kiotomatiki na kuwezeshwa kiotomatiki ili kuanza kwenye mfumo wa boot, unaweza kuangalia hali yake kwa kutumia amri ifuatayo.

$ sudo systemctl status docker 
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-03-06 08:06:42 UTC; 2min 18s ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 5274 (dockerd)
    Tasks: 8
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           └─5274 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562587408Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562767803Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562966844Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight_device"
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.565298457Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.950942467Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a prefer
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.036964493Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.156279378Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=774a1f4 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=18.09.3
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.157145045Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.224229999Z" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"

5. Hatimaye, thibitisha kuwa Docker CE imesakinishwa ipasavyo kwa kuendesha picha ya hello-world.

$ sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

Jifunze Amri za Msingi za Docker katika Ubuntu

6. Ili kupata habari kuhusu Docker, endesha amri ifuatayo.

$ sudo docker info

Kernel Version: 5.0.0-050000-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.452GiB
Name: tecmint
ID: FWSB:IRIF:DYL7:PRB5:Y66E:37MY:ISPO:HZVY:6YJO:2IYL:TO6Y:GNB7
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine

7. Ili kupata taarifa kuhusu toleo la Docker, endesha amri ifuatayo.

$ sudo docker version

Client:
 Version:           18.09.3
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.10.8
 Git commit:        774a1f4
 Built:             Thu Feb 28 06:53:11 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.3
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.8
  Git commit:       774a1f4
  Built:            Thu Feb 28 05:59:55 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

8. Ili kupata orodha ya amri zote zinazopatikana za Docker endesha docker kwenye terminal yako.

$ docker

Usage:	docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/home/tecmint/.docker")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  builder     Manage builds
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  engine      Manage the docker engine
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes
....

Pakua Picha ya Docker katika Ubuntu

9. Ili kuendesha chombo cha Docker, kwanza, unahitaji kupakua picha kutoka kwa Docker Hub - hutoa picha za bure kutoka kwa hifadhi zake.

Kwa mfano, ili kupakua picha ya Docker inayoitwa CentOS 7, toa amri ifuatayo.

$ sudo docker search centos

NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
centos                             The official build of CentOS.                   5227                [OK]                
ansible/centos7-ansible            Ansible on Centos7                              120                                     [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh                 CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86…   107                                     [OK]
consol/centos-xfce-vnc             Centos container with "headless" VNC session…   81                                      [OK]
imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56    centos6-lnmp-php56                              50                                      [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7            MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   47                                      
tutum/centos                       Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access      43                                      
gluster/gluster-centos             Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 +  Glust…   40                                      [OK]
openshift/base-centos7             A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I…   39                                      
centos/postgresql-96-centos7       PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational …   37                                      
centos/python-35-centos7           Platform for building and running Python 3.5…   33                                      
kinogmt/centos-ssh                 CentOS with SSH                                 26                                      [OK]
openshift/jenkins-2-centos7        A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w…   20                                      
centos/php-56-centos7              Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap…   19                                      
pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev        CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names…   10                                      
openshift/wildfly-101-centos7      A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use …   6                                       
openshift/jenkins-1-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Jenkins v1.x ima…   4                                       
darksheer/centos                   Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly             3                                       [OK]
pivotaldata/centos                 Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do…   2                                       
pivotaldata/centos-mingw           Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t…   2                                       
pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain   CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi…   1                                       
openshift/wildfly-81-centos7       A Centos7 based WildFly v8.1 image for use w…   1                                       
blacklabelops/centos               CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily!     1                                       [OK]
smartentry/centos                  centos with smartentry                          0                                       [OK]
jameseckersall/sonarr-centos       Sonarr on CentOS 7                              0                                       [OK]

10. Baada ya kuamua ni picha gani ungependa kutumia kulingana na mahitaji yako, ipakue ndani ya nchi kwa kutekeleza amri iliyo hapa chini (katika kesi hii picha ya CentOS inapakuliwa na kutumika).

$ docker pull centos

Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a02a4930cb5d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest

11. Kuorodhesha picha zote za Docker zinazopatikana kwenye mwenyeji wako endesha amri ifuatayo.

$ sudo docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        2 months ago        1.84kB
centos              latest              1e1148e4cc2c        3 months ago        202MB

12. Ikiwa hutaki picha ya Docker tena na unaweza kuiondoa kwa kutumia amri ifuatayo.

$ sudo docker rmi centos

Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: [email :184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426
Deleted: sha256:1e1148e4cc2c148c6890a18e3b2d2dde41a6745ceb4e5fe94a923d811bf82ddb
Deleted: sha256:071d8bd765171080d01682844524be57ac9883e53079b6ac66707e192ea25956

Endesha Chombo cha Docker huko Ubuntu

13. Ili kuunda na kuendesha kontena ya Docker, kwanza unahitaji kutekeleza amri kwenye picha ya CentOS iliyopakuliwa, kwa hivyo amri ya msingi itakuwa kuangalia faili ya toleo la usambazaji ndani ya chombo kwa kutumia paka amri. , kama inavyoonekana.

$ docker run centos cat /etc/issue

14. Ili kuendesha vyombo tena, kwanza unahitaji kupata Kitambulisho cha Chombo au Jina kwa kutekeleza amri ifuatayo, ambayo itaonyesha orodha ya vyombo vinavyoendeshwa na kusimamishwa:

$ sudo docker ps -l

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
0ddfa81c5779        centos              "cat /etc/issue"    About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                       elastic_shirley

15. Kitambulisho cha Kontena au Jina likishapatikana, unaweza kuanzisha kontena kwa kutumia amri ifuatayo:

$ sudo docker start 0ddfa81c5779
OR
$ sudo docker start elastic_shirley

Hapa, mfuatano 0ddfa81c5779 unawakilisha kitambulisho cha chombo na elastic_shirley inawakilisha Jina la chombo.

16. Kusimamisha kontena inayoendesha endesha amri ya docker stop kwa kubainisha Kitambulisho cha Chombo au Jina.

$ sudo docker stop 0ddfa81c5779
OR
$ sudo docker stop elastic_shirley

17. Njia bora zaidi, ili usilazimike kukumbuka kitambulisho cha chombo itakuwa kufafanua jina la kipekee kwa kila chombo unachounda kwa kutumia chaguo la --name kama inavyoonyeshwa.

$ docker run --name myname centos cat /etc/issue

18. Ili kuunganisha na kuendesha amri za Linux kwenye kontena toa amri ifuatayo.

$ docker run -it centos bash

 uname -a
Linux 6213ec547863 5.0.0-050000-generic #201903032031 SMP Mon Mar 4 01:33:18 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
 cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 

19. Ili kuondoka na kurudi kwenye seva pangishi kutoka kwa kipindi cha kontena inayoendeshwa lazima uandike toka amri kama inavyoonyeshwa.

$ exit

Hiyo yote ni kwa ujanja wa msingi wa chombo. Ikiwa una maswali au maoni yoyote kuhusu makala hii, tumia fomu ya maoni iliyo hapa chini ili kuwasiliana nasi.