Amri 10 za Dig (Domain Information Groper) Kuuliza DNS
Katika nakala yetu iliyotangulia, tumeelezea zana ya mstari wa amri ya mtandao inayotumika kuuliza na kupata habari ya DNS (Mfumo wa Jina la Kikoa).
Hapa, katika makala hii, tunakuja na zana nyingine ya mstari wa amri inayoitwa dig, ambayo ni sawa na chombo cha Linux nslookup. Tutaona matumizi ya amri ya kuchimba kwa karibu na mifano na matumizi yao.
[Unaweza pia kupenda: Jinsi ya Kusakinisha na Kutumia Amri za kuchimba na nslookup katika Linux ]
Dig anasimama kwa (Domain Information Groper) ni usimamizi wa mtandao zana ya mstari amri kwa ajili ya kuuliza Domain Name System (DNS) jina seva.
Ni muhimu kwa kuthibitisha na kutatua matatizo ya DNS na pia kufanya utafutaji wa DNS na kuonyesha majibu ambayo yanarejeshwa kutoka kwa seva ya jina ambayo iliulizwa.
Dig ni sehemu ya programu ya seva ya jina la kikoa ya BIND. dig amri inachukua nafasi ya zana za zamani kama vile nslookup na mwenyeji. zana ya kuchimba inapatikana katika usambazaji mkubwa wa Linux.
# dig yahoo.com ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20076 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 387 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.143.25 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.231.20 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 98.137.11.164 ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 12:58:13 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 134
Amri iliyo hapo juu husababisha kuchimba kutafuta \A\ rekodi ya jina la kikoa yahoo.com. Amri ya kuchimba husoma faili ya /etc/resolv.conf na kuhoji seva za DNS zilizoorodheshwa hapo. Jibu kutoka kwa seva ya DNS ndio maonyesho ya kuchimba.
Wacha tuelewe matokeo ya amri:
- Mistari inayoanza na
;ni maoni sio sehemu ya habari. - Mstari wa kwanza unatuambia toleo la amri ya dig (9.16.1).
- Inayofuata, kuchimba huonyesha kichwa cha jibu lililopokea kutoka kwa seva ya DNS.
- Inayofuata inakuja sehemu ya maswali, ambayo hutuambia swali kwa urahisi, ambalo katika kesi hii ni swali la
\A\rekodi ya yahoo.com.INinamaanisha huu ni utafutaji wa Mtandao (katika darasa la Mtandao). - Sehemu ya jibu inatuambia kwamba yahoo.com ina anwani ya IP 98.137.11.163.
- Mwisho, kuna baadhi ya takwimu kuhusu hoja. Unaweza kuzima takwimu hizi kwa kutumia chaguo la
+nostats.
Kwa chaguo-msingi, kuchimba ni kitenzi kabisa. Njia moja ya kupunguza pato ni kutumia +short chaguo. ambayo itapunguza pato kwa kiasi kikubwa kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini.
# dig yahoo.com +short 98.137.11.164 74.6.231.21 74.6.231.20 74.6.143.25 74.6.143.26 98.137.11.163
Kumbuka: Kwa chaguo-msingi, tafuta \A\ rekodi ya kikoa kilichobainishwa, lakini unaweza kubainisha rekodi zingine pia. Rekodi ya MX au Mail eXchange huambia seva za barua jinsi ya kuelekeza barua pepe kwa kikoa. Vile vile TTL, SOA, nk.
Kuuliza aina tofauti za rekodi za rasilimali za DNS pekee.
# dig yahoo.com MX ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com MX ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 60630 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:03:32 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 117
# dig yahoo.com SOA ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com SOA ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25140 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 1800 IN SOA ns1.yahoo.com. hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com. 2021121001 3600 300 1814400 600 ;; Query time: 128 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:08 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 99
# dig yahoo.com TTL ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com TTL ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64017 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.143.25 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 98.137.11.164 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.231.20 ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 134 ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 27889 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;TTL. IN A ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 32
# dig yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.231.20 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 98.137.11.164 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.143.25
# dig yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 98.138.253.109 yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 98.139.183.24 yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns2.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns8.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns3.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns1.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns4.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns5.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns6.yahoo.com.
Kuuliza DNS Reverse Lookup. Onyesha sehemu ya jibu pekee kwa kutumia +short.
# dig -x 72.30.38.140 +short ir1.fp.vip.sp2.yahoo.com.
Hoji hoja mahususi ya DNS ya tovuti nyingi yaani. Rekodi za MX, NS, nk.
# dig yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns1.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns4.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns3.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns2.redhat.com.
Unda faili ya .digrc chini ya $HOME/.digrc ili kuhifadhi chaguo-msingi za kuchimba.
# dig yahoo.com yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 98.138.253.109 yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 98.139.183.24
Tuna chaguo za kuhifadhi +noall +answer kabisa katika faili ya .digrc chini ya saraka ya nyumbani ya mtumiaji. Sasa, wakati wowote amri ya kuchimba inatekelezwa itaonyesha sehemu ya jibu tu ya matokeo ya kuchimba. Hakuna Haja ya kuchapa chaguzi za kila wakati kama vile +noall +answer.
Katika makala haya, tulijaribu kujua amri ya kuchimba ambayo inaweza kukusaidia kutafuta (DNS) maelezo yanayohusiana na Huduma ya Jina la Kikoa. Shiriki mawazo yako kupitia kisanduku cha maoni.