Jinsi ya Kufungua, Kutoa na Kuunda Faili za RAR katika Linux


RAR ni zana maarufu zaidi ya kuunda na kutoa kumbukumbu iliyobanwa (.rar) faili. Tunapopakua faili ya kumbukumbu kutoka kwa wavuti, tulihitaji zana ya rar ili kuzitoa.

RAR inapatikana kwa uhuru chini ya mifumo ya uendeshaji ya Windows ili kushughulikia faili zilizobanwa, lakini kwa bahati mbaya, zana ya rar haijasakinishwa awali chini ya mifumo ya Linux.

Makala haya yanafafanua jinsi ya kusakinisha zana za mstari wa amri zisizo rahisi na za rar kwa kutumia faili rasmi ya tar chini ya mifumo ya Linux ili kufungua, kutoa, kubandua au kufuta faili ya kumbukumbu.

Kwenye usambazaji wa msingi wa Debian na Ubuntu, unaweza kusanikisha kwa urahisi kifurushi cha unrar kwa kutumia programu ya apt kama inavyoonyeshwa.

$ sudo apt-get install unrar
Or
$ sudo apt install unrar

Ikiwa unatumia usambazaji wa Fedora, unaweza kutumia amri ya dnf kuiweka.

$ sudp dnf install unrar

Ikiwa unatumia usambazaji wa CentOS/RHEL, unahitaji kupakua faili ya hivi karibuni ya unrar/rar na uisakinishe kwa kutumia amri zifuatazo.

--------------- On 64-bit --------------- 
# cd /tmp
# wget https://www.rarlab.com/rar/rarlinux-x64-5.6.0.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf rarlinux-x64-5.6.0.tar.gz
# cd rar
# sudo cp -v rar unrar /usr/local/bin/

--------------- On 32-bit --------------- 
# cd /tmp
# wget https://www.rarlab.com/rar/rarlinux-5.6.0.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf rarlinux-5.6.0.tar.gz
# cd rar
# sudo cp -v rar unrar /usr/local/bin/

Kufungua/kutoa faili ya RAR katika saraka ya sasa ya kufanya kazi, tumia tu amri ifuatayo na unrar e chaguo.

# unrar e tecmint.rar

UNRAR 4.20 beta 3 freeware      Copyright (c) 1993-2012 Alexander Roshal

Extracting from tecmint.rar

Extracting  index.php                                                 OK
Extracting  index.html                                                OK
Extracting  xyz.txt                                                   OK
Extracting  abc.txt                                                   OK
All OK

Kufungua/kutoa faili ya RAR katika njia maalum au saraka lengwa, tumia tu chaguo la unrar e, litatoa faili zote katika saraka ya lengwa maalum.

# unrar e tecmint.rar /home/

UNRAR 4.20 beta 3 freeware      Copyright (c) 1993-2012 Alexander Roshal

Extracting from tecmint.rar

Extracting  /home/index.php                                           OK
Extracting  /home/index.html                                          OK
Extracting  /home/xyz.txt                                             OK
Extracting  /home/abc.txt                                             OK
All OK

Kufungua/kutoa faili ya RAR na muundo wao asilia wa saraka. toa tu amri hapa chini na chaguo la unrar x. Itatoa kulingana na muundo wa folda zao tazama pato la chini la amri.

# unrar x tecmint.rar

UNRAR 4.20 beta 3 freeware      Copyright (c) 1993-2012 Alexander Roshal

Extracting from tecmint.rar

Creating    tecmint                                                   OK
Extracting  tecmint/index.php                                         OK
Extracting  tecmint/index.html                                        OK
Extracting  tecmint/xyz.txt                                           OK
Extracting  tecmint/abc.txt                                           OK
Creating    default                                                   OK
Extracting  default/index.php                                         OK
Extracting  default/index.html                                        OK
Creating    include                                                   OK
Extracting  include/abc.txt                                           OK
Creating    php                                                       OK
Extracting  php/xyz.txt                                               OK
All OK

Kuorodhesha faili ndani ya faili ya kumbukumbu tumia unrar l chaguo. Itaonyesha orodha ya faili na saizi zao, tarehe, wakati na ruhusa.

unrar l tecmint.rar

UNRAR 4.20 beta 3 freeware      Copyright (c) 1993-2012 Alexander Roshal

Archive tecmint.rar

 Name             Size   Packed Ratio  Date   Time     Attr      CRC   Meth Ver
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 index.php           0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:11 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
 index.html          0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:11 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
 xyz.txt             0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:11 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
 abc.txt             0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:11 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
 index.php           0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:22 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
 index.html          0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:22 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
 abc.txt             0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:22 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
 xyz.txt             0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:22 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    8                0       64   0%

Ili kupima uadilifu wa faili ya kumbukumbu, tumia chaguo unrar t. Amri iliyo hapa chini itafanya ukaguzi kamili wa uadilifu kwa kila faili na kuonyesha hali ya faili.

unrar t tecmint.rar

UNRAR 4.20 beta 3 freeware      Copyright (c) 1993-2012 Alexander Roshal

Testing archive tecmint.rar

Testing     tecmint/index.php                                         OK
Testing     tecmint/index.html                                        OK
Testing     tecmint/xyz.txt                                           OK
Testing     tecmint/abc.txt                                           OK
Testing     default/index.php                                         OK
Testing     default/index.html                                        OK
Testing     include/abc.txt                                           OK
Testing     php/xyz.txt                                               OK
All OK

Amri ya unrar hutumiwa kutoa, kuorodhesha au kujaribu faili za kumbukumbu pekee. Haina chaguo lolote la kuunda faili za RAR chini ya Linux. Kwa hivyo, hapa tunahitaji kusakinisha matumizi ya mstari wa amri ya RAR ili kuunda faili za kumbukumbu.

Ili kusakinisha chaguo la amri ya RAR katika Linux, tekeleza amri ifuatayo.

# sudo apt-get install rar
# sudo dnf install rar
# yum install rar
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================
 Package			Arch			Version				Repository			Size
=========================================================================================
Installing:
 rar				i386            3.8.0-1.el5.rf      rpmforge			264 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)
Upgrade       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 264 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
rar-3.8.0-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm										| 264 kB     00:01
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : rar                                          1/1

Installed:
  rar.i386 0:3.8.0-1.el5.rf

Complete!

Ili kuunda faili ya kumbukumbu (RAR) katika Linux, endesha amri ifuatayo na chaguo la rar. Itaunda faili ya kumbukumbu kwa saraka ya tecmint.

rar a tecmint.rar tecmint

RAR 3.80   Copyright (c) 1993-2008 Alexander Roshal   16 Sep 2008
Shareware version         Type RAR -? for help

Evaluation copy. Please register.

Creating archive tecmint.rar

Adding    tecmint/index.php                                           OK
Adding    tecmint/index.html                                          OK
Adding    tecmint/xyz.txt                                             OK
Adding    tecmint/abc.txt                                             OK
Adding    tecmint                                                     OK
Done

Ili kufuta faili kutoka kwa faili ya kumbukumbu, endesha amri.

rar d filename.rar

Ili kurejesha au kurekebisha faili au faili za kumbukumbu, endesha amri na chaguo rar r.

rar r filename.rar

RAR 3.80   Copyright (c) 1993-2008 Alexander Roshal   16 Sep 2008
Shareware version         Type RAR -? for help

Building fixed.tecmint.rar
Scanning...
Data recovery record not found
Reconstructing tecmint.rar
Building rebuilt.tecmint.rar
Found  tecmint\index.php
Found  tecmint\index.html
Found  tecmint\xyz.txt
Found  tecmint\abc.txt
Found  tecmint
Done

Ili kusasisha au kuongeza faili kwenye faili iliyopo ya kumbukumbu, tumia amri ifuatayo na chaguo rar u.

rar u tecmint.rar tecmint.sql

RAR 3.80   Copyright (c) 1993-2008 Alexander Roshal   16 Sep 2008
Shareware version         Type RAR -? for help

Evaluation copy. Please register.

Updating archive tecmint.rar

Adding    tecmint.sql                                                 OK
Done

Sasa, thibitisha kwamba faili tecmint.sql imeongezwa kwenye faili ya kumbukumbu.

rar l tecmint.rar

RAR 3.80   Copyright (c) 1993-2008 Alexander Roshal   16 Sep 2008
Shareware version         Type RAR -? for help

Archive tecmint.rar

 Name             Size   Packed Ratio  Date   Time     Attr      CRC   Meth Ver
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 index.php           0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:11 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
 index.html          0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:11 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
 xyz.txt             0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:11 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
 abc.txt             0        8   0% 18-08-12 19:11 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
 tecmint             0        0   0% 18-08-12 19:23 drwxr-xr-x 00000000 m0  2.0
 tecmint.sql 0 8 0% 18-08-12 19:46 -rw-r--r-- 00000000 m3b 2.9
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    6                0       40   0%

Hiki ni kipengele cha kuvutia sana kutoka kwa chombo cha Rar, kinatuwezesha kuweka nenosiri kwenye kumbukumbu ya faili. Ili kulinda faili ya kumbukumbu chaguo la kutumia rar a -p.

rar a -p tecmint.rar

Enter password (will not be echoed):

Reenter password:

AR 3.80   Copyright (c) 1993-2008 Alexander Roshal   16 Sep 2008
Shareware version         Type RAR -? for help

Evaluation copy. Please register.

Updating archive tecmint.rar

Updating  tecmint.sql                                                 OK
Done

Sasa ithibitishe kwa kutoa faili ya kumbukumbu na uone ikiwa itatuhimiza kuingiza nenosiri ambalo tumeweka hapo juu.

rar x tecmint.rar

RAR 3.80   Copyright (c) 1993-2008 Alexander Roshal   16 Sep 2008
Shareware version         Type RAR -? for help

Extracting from tecmint.rar

Creating    tecmint                                                   OK
Extracting  tecmint/index.php                                         OK
Extracting  tecmint/index.html                                        OK
Extracting  tecmint/xyz.txt                                           OK
Extracting  tecmint/abc.txt                                           OK
Enter password (will not be echoed) for tecmint.sql:

Extracting  tecmint.sql                                               OK
All OK

Kipengele kingine cha kuvutia cha kufuli kutoka kwa zana ya rar, hutoa fursa ya kufunga faili fulani ya kumbukumbu kutoka kwa kuitoa.

rar k tecmint.rar

RAR 3.80   Copyright (c) 1993-2008 Alexander Roshal   16 Sep 2008
Shareware version         Type RAR -? for help

Processing archive tecmint.rar
Locking archive
Done

Kwa mor RAR na Unrar chaguzi na matumizi, endesha amri ifuatayo itaonyesha orodha ya chaguzi na maelezo yao.

# man unrar
# man rar

Tumewasilisha karibu chaguo zote hapo juu kwa amri za rar na zisizo na mifano na mifano yao. Ikiwa unahisi kuwa tumekosa chochote katika orodha hii na ungependa tuongeze, tafadhali tusasishe kwa kutumia fomu ya maoni hapa chini.