Amri 20 za MySQL (Mysqladmin) kwa Utawala wa Hifadhidata katika Linux
mysqladmin ni huduma ya mstari wa amri ambayo inakuja na seva ya MySQL na inatumiwa na Wasimamizi wa Hifadhidata kutekeleza majukumu kadhaa ya kimsingi ya MySQL kwa urahisi kama vile kuweka nenosiri la msingi, kubadilisha nenosiri la mizizi, kufuatilia michakato ya mysql, upakiaji upya wa haki, kuangalia hali ya seva n.k.
Katika makala haya tumekusanya amri muhimu sana za 'mysqladmin' ambazo hutumiwa na wasimamizi wa mfumo/database katika kazi zao za kila siku. Lazima uwe na seva ya MySQL iliyosakinishwa kwenye mfumo wako ili kufanya kazi hizi.
Ikiwa huna seva ya MySQL iliyosakinishwa au unatumia toleo la zamani la seva ya MySQL, basi tunakupendekeza usakinishe au kusasisha toleo lako kwa kufuata makala yetu hapa chini.
- Usakinishaji wa Seva ya MySQL 5.5.28 kwenye RHEL/CentOS/Fedora
1. Jinsi ya kuweka nywila ya Mizizi ya MySQL?
Ikiwa una usakinishaji mpya wa seva ya MySQL, basi haihitaji nenosiri lolote ili kuiunganisha kama mtumiaji wa mizizi. Ili kuweka nenosiri la MySQL kwa mtumiaji wa mizizi, tumia amri ifuatayo.
# mysqladmin -u root password YOURNEWPASSWORD
2. Jinsi ya Kubadilisha nywila ya Mizizi ya MySQL?
Ikiwa ungependa kubadilisha au kusasisha nenosiri la mizizi ya MySQL, basi unahitaji kuandika amri ifuatayo. Kwa mfano, sema nenosiri lako la zamani ni 123456 na ungependa kulibadilisha na nenosiri jipya sema xyz123.
mysqladmin -u root -p123456 password 'xyz123'
3. Jinsi ya kuangalia Seva ya MySQL inafanya kazi?
Ili kujua kama seva ya MySQL iko na inafanya kazi, tumia amri ifuatayo.
# mysqladmin -u root -p ping Enter password: mysqld is alive
4. Jinsi ya Kuangalia ni toleo gani la MySQL ninaendesha?
Amri ifuatayo inaonyesha toleo la MySQL pamoja na hali ya sasa inayoendesha .
# mysqladmin -u root -p version Enter password: mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.5.28, for Linux on i686 Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Server version 5.5.28 Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 7 days 14 min 45 sec Threads: 2 Questions: 36002 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 15 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 8 Queries per second avg: 0.059
5. Jinsi ya Kujua Hali ya sasa ya seva ya MySQL?
Ili kujua hali ya sasa ya seva ya MySQL, tumia amri ifuatayo. Amri ya mysqladmin inaonyesha hali ya uptime na nyuzi zinazoendesha na maswali.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword status Enter password: Uptime: 606704 Threads: 2 Questions: 36003 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 15 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 8 Queries per second avg: 0.059
6. Jinsi ya kuangalia hali ya Tofauti zote za Seva ya MySQL na thamani?
Kuangalia hali zote za uendeshaji wa vigezo na maadili ya seva ya MySQL, chapa amri ifuatayo. Matokeo yatakuwa sawa na hapa chini.
# mysqladmin -u root -p extended-status Enter password: +------------------------------------------+-------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------------------------+-------------+ | Aborted_clients | 3 | | Aborted_connects | 3 | | Binlog_cache_disk_use | 0 | | Binlog_cache_use | 0 | | Binlog_stmt_cache_disk_use | 0 | | Binlog_stmt_cache_use | 0 | | Bytes_received | 6400357 | | Bytes_sent | 2610105 | | Com_admin_commands | 3 | | Com_assign_to_keycache | 0 | | Com_alter_db | 0 | | Com_alter_db_upgrade | 0 | | Com_alter_event | 0 | | Com_alter_function | 0 | | Com_alter_procedure | 0 | | Com_alter_server | 0 | | Com_alter_table | 0 | | Com_alter_tablespace | 0 | +------------------------------------------+-------------+
7. Jinsi ya kuona Vigezo na Maadili yote ya seva ya MySQL?
Ili kuona vigezo vyote vinavyoendesha na maadili ya seva ya MySQL, tumia amri kama ifuatavyo.
# mysqladmin -u root -p variables Enter password: +---------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+ | auto_increment_increment | 1 | | auto_increment_offset | 1 | | autocommit | ON | | automatic_sp_privileges | ON | | back_log | 50 | | basedir | /usr | | big_tables | OFF | | binlog_cache_size | 32768 | | binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF | | binlog_format | STATEMENT | | binlog_stmt_cache_size | 32768 | | bulk_insert_buffer_size | 8388608 | | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | | collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci | +---------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
8. Jinsi ya kuangalia Mchakato wote unaoendesha wa seva ya MySQL?
Amri ifuatayo itaonyesha mchakato wote wa uendeshaji wa maswali ya hifadhidata ya MySQL.
# mysqladmin -u root -p processlist Enter password: +-------+---------+-----------------+---------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +-------+---------+-----------------+---------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 18001 | rsyslog | localhost:38307 | rsyslog | Sleep | 5590 | | | | 18020 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +-------+---------+-----------------+---------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
9. Jinsi ya kuunda Hifadhidata katika seva ya MySQL?
Ili kuunda hifadhidata mpya katika seva ya MySQL, tumia amri kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini.
# mysqladmin -u root -p create databasename Enter password:
# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 18027 Server version: 5.5.28 MySQL Community Server (GPL) by Remi Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | databasename | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql>
10. Jinsi ya kuacha Hifadhidata katika seva ya MySQL?
Ili kuacha Hifadhidata katika seva ya MySQL, tumia amri ifuatayo. Utaulizwa kuthibitisha bonyeza 'y'.
# mysqladmin -u root -p drop databasename Enter password: Dropping the database is potentially a very bad thing to do. Any data stored in the database will be destroyed. Do you really want to drop the 'databasename' database [y/N] y Database "databasename" dropped
11. Jinsi ya kupakia upya/kuonyesha upya Haki za MySQL?
Amri ya kupakia upya huiambia seva kupakia upya jedwali la ruzuku. Amri ya kuonyesha upya husafisha meza zote na kufungua tena faili za kumbukumbu.
# mysqladmin -u root -p reload; # mysqladmin -u root -p refresh
12. Jinsi ya kuzima seva ya MySQL kwa Usalama?
Ili kuzima seva ya MySQL kwa usalama, chapa amri ifuatayo.
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown Enter password:
Unaweza pia kutumia amri zifuatazo kuanza/kusimamisha seva ya MySQL.
# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop # /etc/init.d/mysqld start
13. Amri zingine muhimu za MySQL Flush
Zifuatazo ni baadhi ya amri muhimu za kuvuta na maelezo yao.
- wapangishi wa flush: Suuza maelezo yote ya seva pangishi kutoka kwa akiba ya seva pangishi.
- meza za kuvuta: Osha majedwali yote.
- nyuzi za flush: Safisha akiba ya nyuzi zote.
- flush-logs: Suuza kumbukumbu zote za taarifa.
- mapendeleo ya flush: Pakia upya jedwali la ruzuku (sawa na upakiaji upya).
- hali ya kubadilika-badilika: Futa vigezo vya hali.
# mysqladmin -u root -p flush-hosts # mysqladmin -u root -p flush-tables # mysqladmin -u root -p flush-threads # mysqladmin -u root -p flush-logs # mysqladmin -u root -p flush-privileges # mysqladmin -u root -p flush-status
14. Jinsi ya kuua Mchakato wa Mteja wa Kulala wa MySQL?
Tumia amri ifuatayo kutambua mchakato wa mteja wa MySQL anayelala.
# mysqladmin -u root -p processlist Enter password: +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 5 | root | localhost | | Sleep | 14 | | | | 8 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
Sasa, endesha amri ifuatayo na Kitambulisho cha kuua na cha mchakato kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini.
# mysqladmin -u root -p kill 5 Enter password: +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 12 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
Ikiwa ungependa kuua michakato mingi, basi pitisha vitambulisho vya mchakato na koma ikitenganishwa kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini.
# mysqladmin -u root -p kill 5,10
15. Jinsi ya kuendesha amri nyingi za mysqladmin pamoja?
Ikiwa ungependa kutekeleza amri nyingi za 'mysqladmin' pamoja, basi amri itakuwa kama hii.
# mysqladmin -u root -p processlist status version Enter password: +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 8 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ Uptime: 3801 Threads: 1 Questions: 15 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 15 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 8 Queries per second avg: 0.003 mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.5.28, for Linux on i686 Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Server version 5.5.28 Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 1 hour 3 min 21 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 15 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 15 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 8 Queries per second avg: 0.003
16. Jinsi ya Kuunganisha seva ya mbali ya mysql
Ili kuunganisha seva ya mbali ya MySQL, tumia -h (mwenyeji) na Anwani ya IP ya mashine ya mbali.
# mysqladmin -h 172.16.25.126 -u root -p
17. Jinsi ya kutekeleza amri kwenye seva ya mbali ya MySQL
Wacha tuseme ungependa kuona hali ya seva ya mbali ya MySQL, basi amri itakuwa.
# mysqladmin -h 172.16.25.126 -u root -p status
18. Jinsi ya kuanza/kusimamisha urudufishaji wa MySQL kwenye seva ya mtumwa?
Ili kuanza/kusimamisha urudufishaji wa MySQL kwenye seva ya salve, tumia amri zifuatazo.
# mysqladmin -u root -p start-slave
# mysqladmin -u root -p stop-slave
19. Jinsi ya kuhifadhi Taarifa ya Utatuzi wa seva ya MySQL kwenye kumbukumbu?
Inaambia seva kuandika habari ya utatuzi kuhusu kufuli zinazotumika, kumbukumbu iliyotumika na utumiaji wa hoja kwenye faili ya kumbukumbu ya MySQL ikijumuisha habari kuhusu kipanga tukio.
# mysqladmin -u root -p debug Enter password:
20. Jinsi ya kuona chaguzi na matumizi ya mysqladmin
Ili kujua chaguo zaidi na matumizi ya amri ya myslqadmin tumia amri ya usaidizi kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini. Itaonyesha orodha ya chaguzi zinazopatikana.
# mysqladmin --help
Tumejaribu tuwezavyo kujumuisha takriban amri zote za 'mysqladmin' na mifano yao katika nakala hii, Ikiwa bado, tumekosa chochote, tafadhali tujulishe kupitia maoni na usisahau kushiriki na marafiki zako.