Ethernet Channel Bonding aka NIC Teaming kwenye Linux Systems
Uunganishaji wa Kituo cha Ethernet huwezesha Kadi ya Violesura vya Mtandao viwili au zaidi (NIC) kwa kadi moja pepe ya NIC ambayo inaweza kuongeza kipimo data na kutoa Kadi za NIC zisizohitajika. Hii ni njia nzuri ya kufikia viungo visivyohitajika, uvumilivu wa hitilafu au mitandao ya kusawazisha mizigo katika mfumo wa uzalishaji. Ikiwa NIC moja halisi iko chini au haijachomekwa, itahamisha rasilimali kiotomatiki hadi kwenye kadi nyingine ya NIC. Uunganishaji wa kituo/NIC utafanya kazi kwa usaidizi wa uwekaji dhamana katika Kernel. Tutakuwa tukitumia NIC mbili kuonyesha sawa.
Kuna karibu aina sita za aina za Bondi za Chaneli zinapatikana. Hapa, tutapitia aina mbili pekee za Dhamana ya Kituo ambazo ni maarufu na zinazotumika sana.
- 0: Kusawazisha mizigo (Round-Robin) : Trafiki inasambazwa kwa mpangilio mfuatano au mtindo wa duara kutoka kwa NIC zote mbili. Hali hii hutoa kusawazisha mzigo na uvumilivu wa makosa.
- 1: Hifadhi Rudufu Inayotumika : Ni mtumwa mmoja tu wa NIC anayetumika wakati wowote. Kadi ya Kiolesura Nyingine itafanya kazi ikiwa tu NIC ya mtumwa inayotumika itashindwa.
Inaunda Uunganishaji wa Idhaa ya Ethaneti
Tuna Kadi mbili za Mtandao wa Ethaneti yaani eth1 na eth2 ambapo bond0 itaundwa kwa madhumuni ya kuunganisha. Haja ya mtumiaji mkuu aliyebahatika kutekeleza amri zilizo hapa chini.
Taja kigezo cha MASTER bond0 na kiolesura cha eth1 kama MTUMWA katika faili ya usanidi kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini.
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE="eth1" TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT="yes" BOOTPROTO="none" USERCTL=no MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes
Hapa pia, bainisha kigezo MASTER bond0 na kiolesura cha eth2 kama MTUMWA.
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2
DEVICE="eth2" TYPE="Ethernet" ONBOOT="yes" USERCTL=no #NM_CONTROLLED=yes BOOTPROTO=none MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes
Unda bond0 na usanidi kiolesura cha kuunganisha cha Kituo katika saraka ya /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ inayoitwa ifcfg-bond0.
Ifuatayo ni sampuli ya faili ya usanidi ya kuunganisha kituo.
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
DEVICE=bond0 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.246.130 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 BONDING_OPTS="mode=0 miimon=100"
Kumbuka: Katika usanidi ulio hapo juu tumechagua Modi ya Chaguo za Kuunganisha=0 yaani Round-Robin na miimon=100 (Vipindi vya upigaji kura 100 ms).
Hebu tuone violesura vilivyoundwa kwa kutumia amri ya ifconfig ambayo inaonyesha bond0 inayoendesha kama MASTER miingiliano yote eth1 na eth2 inayoendesha kama SLAVES.
# ifconfig
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:57:61:8E
inet addr:192.168.246.130 Bcast:192.168.246.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe57:618e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:17374 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:16060 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1231555 (1.1 MiB) TX bytes:1622391 (1.5 MiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:57:61:8E
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:16989 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8072 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1196931 (1.1 MiB) TX bytes:819042 (799.8 KiB)
Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:57:61:8E
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:385 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:7989 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:34624 (33.8 KiB) TX bytes:803583 (784.7 KiB)
Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2080
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:480 (480.0 b) TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)Anzisha tena huduma ya Mtandao na miingiliano inapaswa kuwa sawa.
# service network restart
Shutting down interface bond0: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface bond0: [ OK ]
Kuangalia hali ya dhamana.
# watch -n .1 cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Matokeo yaliyo hapa chini yanaonyesha kuwa Njia ya Kuunganisha ni Usawazishaji wa Mzigo (RR) na eth1 & eth2 zinaonekana.
Every 0.1s: cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 Thu Sep 12 14:08:47 2013 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.6.0 (September 26, 2009) Bonding Mode: load balancing (round-robin) MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 Slave Interface: eth1 MII Status: up Speed: Unknown Duplex: Unknown Link Failure Count: 2 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:57:61:8e Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eth2 MII Status: up Speed: Unknown Duplex: Unknown Link Failure Count: 2 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:57:61:98 Slave queue ID: 0
Katika hali hii, miingiliano ya Watumwa inabaki sawa. badiliko moja tu litakuwepo kwenye kiolesura cha dhamana ifcfg-bond0 badala ya '0' itakuwa '1' ambayo imeonyeshwa hapa chini.
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
DEVICE=bond0 ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=192.168.246.130 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 BONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100"
Anzisha upya huduma ya mtandao na uangalie hali ya kuunganisha.
# service network restart
Shutting down interface bond0: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface bond0: [ OK ]
Kuangalia hali ya dhamana kwa amri.
# watch -n .1 cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Hali ya Kuunganisha inaonyesha uvumilivu wa hitilafu (hifadhi nakala inayotumika) na Kiolesura cha Slave kiko juu.
Every 0.1s: cat /proc/n... Thu Sep 12 14:40:37 2013 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.6.0 (September 2 6, 2009) Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup) Primary Slave: None Currently Active Slave: eth1 MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 Slave Interface: eth1 MII Status: up Speed: Unknown Duplex: Unknown Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:57:61:8e Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eth2 MII Status: up Speed: Unknown Duplex: Unknown Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:57:61:98 Slave queue ID: 0
Kumbuka: Weka mwenyewe chini na juu Violesura vya Watumwa ili kuangalia utendakazi wa Uunganishaji wa Idhaa. Tafadhali tazama amri kama ilivyo hapo chini.
# ifconfig eth1 down # ifconfig eth1 up
Ni hayo tu!