Hifadhidata ya Oracle 11g Toa Usakinishaji 2 kwenye RHEL/CentOS 6.x/5.x/4.x

Kama tunavyojua sote Hifadhidata ya Oracle ndiyo Mfumo wa Usimamizi wa Hifadhidata ya Kihusiano (RDBMS) maarufu na inayotumika zaidi duniani. Chapisho hili linafafanua usakinishaji wa hatua kwa hatua wa Oracle Database 11g Toleo la 2 32bit kwenye CentOS 6.4 32bit. Hatua za usakinishaji hazipaswi kutofautiana kwa usambazaji mwingi wa Red Hat kulingana na Linux.

Kusakinisha Oracle Database 11g Toleo la 2

Tunatumia kifurushi cha oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall kinachotolewa na hazina ya Oracle Public Yum. Hazina ya Oracle public yum hutoa njia isiyolipishwa na rahisi zaidi ya kusakinisha vitegemezi vyote vya hivi karibuni vya Oracle Linux kiotomatiki. Ili kusanidi hazina ya yum, fuata maagizo yaliyotolewa hapa chini.

Tumia amri ya wget Kupakua faili inayofaa ya usanidi wa yum chini ya /etc/yum.repos.d/ saraka kama mtumiaji wa mizizi.

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-el5.repo
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-el4.repo

Sasa tekeleza \yum amri ifuatayo ili kusakinisha sharti zote muhimu kiotomatiki.

 yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

Unapoleta ufunguo wa GPG, unaweza kupata hitilafu ya urejeshaji wa ufunguo wa GPG kama inavyoonyeshwa hapa chini. Hapa, unahitaji kuagiza ufunguo sahihi wa GPG kwa toleo lako la OS.

Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

Pakua na uthibitishe Ufunguo ufaao wa Oracle Linux GPG unaolingana vyema na toleo lako la Mfumo wa Uendeshaji linalooana na RHEL/CentOS.

# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-el5 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
# wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-el4 -O /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

Fungua faili ya /etc/sysconfig/network na urekebishe HOSTNAME ili ilingane na jina la mpangishi wako wa FQDN (Jina la Kikoa Lililohitimu Kamili).

 vi /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=oracle.linux-console.net

Fungua faili ya /etc/hosts na uongeze jina la mpangishi aliyehitimu kikamilifu kwa seva.

 vi /etc/hosts
192.168.246.128		oracle.linux-console.net		oracle

Sasa unahitaji kuanzisha upya mtandao kwenye seva ili kuhakikisha kuwa mabadiliko yataendelea kuwasha upya.

 /etc/init.d/network restart

Weka nenosiri kwa mtumiaji wa oracle.

 passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

Ongeza ingizo kwenye faili “/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf” kama ilivyofafanuliwa hapa chini.

 vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf
# Default limit for number of user's processes to prevent
# accidental fork bombs.
# See rhbz #432903 for reasoning.

*          soft    nproc     1024
# To this
* - nproc 16384

Weka SELinux kwa hali ya ruhusa kwa kuhariri faili /etc/selinux/config.

 vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=permissive

Ukishafanya mabadiliko, usighushi kuwasha tena seva ili kuonyesha mabadiliko mapya.

 reboot

Ingia kama mtumiaji wa Oracle na ufungue faili .bash_profile, ambayo inapatikana kwenye saraka ya nyumbani ya mtumiaji wa oracle, andika kama ilivyoelezwa hapa chini. Hakikisha umeweka jina sahihi la mpangishaji kuwa “ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle.linux-console.net“.

 su oracle
[[email  ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle.linux-console.net; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_UNQNAME=DB11G; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=DB11G; export ORACLE_SID
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH export PATH

Badili hadi kwa mtumiaji wa mizizi na utoe amri ifuatayo ili kuruhusu mtumiaji wa Oracle kufikia Seva ya X.

 xhost +

Unda saraka na uweke ruhusa zinazofaa ambamo programu ya Oracle itasakinishwa.

 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
 chmod -R 775 /u01

Jisajili na Upakue programu ya Oracle kwa kutumia kiungo kifuatacho.

  1. Oracle Hifadhidata 11g Toleo la 2

Kifurushi cha Oracle kina faili 2 za zip ambazo lazima kwanza ukubali makubaliano ya leseni kabla ya kupakua. Nimekupa majina ya faili kwa ajili yako, tafadhali pakua faili hizi kwa usanifu wa mfumo wako mahali fulani chini ya /home/oracle/.

http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/oracle11g/R2/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

Sasa hebu tuanze ufungaji wa Oracle. Kwanza kabisa, unahitaji kubadilisha kuwa ‘oracle’ mtumiaji ili kusakinisha hifadhidata.

[[email  ~]$ su oracle

Chopoa faili za chanzo cha hifadhidata za Oracle zilizoshinikizwa kwa saraka sawa /nyumbani/ chumba cha ndani/.

[[email  ~]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

[[email  ~]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

Chapisha faili ya chanzo cha unzip, saraka inayoitwa hifadhidata itaundwa, nenda ndani ya saraka na utekeleze hati iliyo chini ili kuanza mchakato wa usakinishaji wa hifadhidata ya Oracle.

[[email  database]$ cd database

 wget ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/redhat-archive/6.2/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS/pdksh-5.2.14-2.i386.rpm

Wakati wa usakinishaji wa kifurushi cha pdksh unaweza kukutana na hitilafu ya mgongano wa kifurushi cha ksh. Ondoa kifurushi cha ksh kwa nguvu na usakinishe kifurushi cha pdksh kwa amri iliyopewa hapa chini: -

 rpm -e ksh-20100621-19.el6_4.4.i686 --nodeps
 rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-2.i386.rpm

11. Kufanya ukaguzi wa Mahitaji: Inajaribu kama nafasi ya kutosha ya SWAP inapatikana kwenye mfumo.

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14. Maendeleo ya Ufungaji wa Bidhaa

15. Kunakili faili za hifadhidata

16. Bonyeza Usimamizi wa Nenosiri.

17. Weka nenosiri la mtumiaji SYS na ubofye Sawa ili kuendelea.

18. Hati za usanidi zinahitaji kutekelezwa kama mtumiaji mzizi. Nenda kwa njia iliyotolewa kwenye skrini na utekeleze hati moja baada ya nyingine. Bonyeza 'Sawa' mara tu maandishi yametekelezwa.

 cd /u01/app/oraInventory
 ./orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
 cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2/
 ./root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

19. Usakinishaji wa Hifadhidata ya Oracle umefaulu.

20. Ili kujaribu usakinishaji wako wa Oracle, nenda kwenye kiolesura cha usimamizi kulingana na wavuti cha mfumo wako katika \localhost na jina la mtumiaji \SYS likiunganishwa kama \SYSDBA na kutumia nenosiri uliloweka wakati wa kusakinisha Oracle. Kumbuka kufungua bandari 1158 kwenye ngome yako na uanze tena huduma ya iptables.

 iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1158 -j ACCEPT
 service iptables restart
https://localhost:1158/em/

21. Meneja wa Udhibiti wa Hifadhidata ya Oracle Enterprise

Sasa unaweza kuanza kutumia Oracle. Ninapendekeza sana ufuate programu ya Oracle SQL Developer UI.

Huu ni mwisho wa Usakinishaji wa Programu ya Hifadhidata ya Oracle. Katika makala yetu yajayo tutaangazia jinsi ya kuunda hifadhidata kwa kutumia DBCA na jinsi ya Kuanzisha na Kuzima Hifadhidata ya Oracle. Tafadhali endelea kufuatilia...!!!