Mifano 15 ya Kiutendaji ya amri za dpkg kwa Distros za Debian
Debian GNU/Linux, Mfumo mama wa Uendeshaji wa idadi ya usambazaji wa Linux ikiwa ni pamoja na Knoppix, Kali, Ubuntu, Mint, nk hutumia Kidhibiti cha kifurushi kama vile dpkg, apt, aptitude, synaptic, tasksel, deselect, dpkg-deb na dpkg-split. .
Tutakuwa tukielezea kila moja ya haya kwa ufupi kabla ya kuzingatia amri ya 'dpkg'.
Apt inasimama kwa Advanced Package Tool. Haishughulikii kifurushi cha 'deb' na inafanya kazi moja kwa moja, lakini inafanya kazi na kumbukumbu ya 'deb' kutoka eneo lililobainishwa katika faili ya /etc/apt/sources.list.
Soma Zaidi : Amri 25 Muhimu za Msingi za Amri za APT-GET
Aptitude ni meneja wa kifurushi cha maandishi kwa Debian ambayo iko mwisho wa 'apt', ambayo huwezesha mtumiaji kudhibiti vifurushi kwa urahisi.
Kidhibiti cha kifurushi cha picha ambacho hurahisisha kusakinisha, kusasisha na kusanidua vifurushi hata kwa wanaoanza.
Tasksel huruhusu mtumiaji kusakinisha vifurushi vyote muhimu vinavyohusiana na kazi maalum, yaani, Mazingira ya Eneo-kazi.
Zana ya usimamizi wa kifurushi inayoendeshwa na menyu, iliyotumika mwanzoni wakati wa usakinishaji wa kwanza na sasa inabadilishwa na uwezo.
Huingiliana na kumbukumbu ya Debian.
Inatumika katika kugawanya na kuunganisha faili kubwa katika vipande vya faili ndogo ili kuhifadhiwa kwenye midia ya ukubwa mdogo kama vile floppy-disk.
dpkg ndio programu kuu ya usimamizi wa kifurushi katika Mfumo wa msingi wa Debian na Debian. Inatumika kusakinisha, kujenga, kuondoa na kudhibiti vifurushi. Aptitude ndio mwisho wa mbele wa dpkg.
Baadhi ya amri za dpkg zinazotumiwa sana pamoja na matumizi yao zimeorodheshwa hapa:
1. Weka Kifurushi
Ili kusakinisha kifurushi cha .deb, tumia amri iliyo na chaguo la -i. Kwa mfano, ili kusakinisha kifurushi cha .deb kinachoitwa flashpluginnonfree_2.8.2+squeeze1_i386.deb tumia amri ifuatayo.
dpkg -i flashpluginnonfree_2.8.2+squeeze1_i386.deb
Selecting previously unselected package flashplugin-nonfree. (Reading database ... 465729 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking flashplugin-nonfree (from flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ... Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ... --2013-10-01 16:23:40-- http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/get/flashplayer/pdc/11.2.202.310/install_flash_player_11_linux.i386.tar.gz Resolving fpdownload.macromedia.com (fpdownload.macromedia.com)... 23.64.66.70 Connecting to fpdownload.macromedia.com (fpdownload.macromedia.com)|23.64.66.70|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 6923724 (6.6M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘/tmp/flashplugin-nonfree.FPxQ4l02fL/install_flash_player_11_linux.i386.tar.gz’
2. Orodhesha Vifurushi vyote vilivyowekwa
Kuangalia na kuorodhesha vifurushi vyote vilivyosakinishwa, tumia chaguo -l pamoja na amri.
dpkg -l
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-======================================-========================-=============================================================================== ii accerciser 3.8.0-0ubuntu1 all interactive Python accessibility explorer for the GNOME desktop ii account-plugin-aim 3.6.4-0ubuntu4.1 i386 Messaging account plugin for AIM ii account-plugin-facebook 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - facebook ii account-plugin-flickr 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - flickr ii account-plugin-generic-oauth 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - generic OAuth ii account-plugin-google 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon rc account-plugin-identica 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - identica ii account-plugin-jabber 3.6.4-0ubuntu4.1 i386 Messaging account plugin for Jabber/XMPP ....
Kuangalia kifurushi mahususi kilichosakinishwa au kutotumia chaguo -l pamoja na jina la kifurushi. Kwa mfano, angalia ikiwa kifurushi cha apache2 kimewekwa au la.
dpkg -l apache2
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-======================================-========================-============================================== ii apache2 2.2.22-6ubuntu5.1 i386 Apache HTTP Server metapackage
3. Ondoa Kifurushi
Ili kuondoa kifurushi cha .deb, ni lazima tubainishe jina la kifurushi flashpluginnonfree, si jina asili flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb. Chaguo la -r linatumika kuondoa/kuondoa kifurushi.
dpkg -r flashpluginnonfree
(Reading database ... 142891 files and directories currently installed.) Removing flashpluginnonfree ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for menu ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Unaweza pia kutumia chaguo la 'p' badala ya 'r' ambalo litaondoa kifurushi pamoja na faili ya usanidi. Chaguo la 'r' litaondoa kifurushi tu na sio faili za usanidi.
dpkg -p flashpluginnonfree
4. Tazama Maudhui ya Kifurushi
Ili kuona maudhui ya kifurushi fulani, tumia chaguo la -c kama inavyoonyeshwa. Amri itaonyesha yaliyomo kwenye kifurushi cha .deb katika umbizo la orodha ndefu.
dpkg -c flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/bin/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/mozilla/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 3920 2009-09-09 22:51 ./usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/pubkey.asc drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/man8/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 716 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-flashplugin-nonfree.8.gz drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/applications/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/hicolor/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/ ....
5. Angalia Kifurushi kimewekwa au la
Kwa kutumia chaguo la -s lenye jina la kifurushi, itaonyesha ikiwa kifurushi cha deni kimesakinishwa au la.
dpkg -s flashplugin-nonfree
Package: flashplugin-nonfree Status: install ok installed Priority: optional Section: contrib/web Installed-Size: 177 Maintainer: Bart Martens <[email > Architecture: i386 Version: 1:3.2 Replaces: flashplugin (<< 6) Depends: debconf | debconf-2.0, wget, gnupg, libatk1.0-0, libcairo2, libfontconfig1, libfreetype6, libgcc1, libglib2.0-0, libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.14), libnspr4, libnss3, libpango1.0-0, libstdc++6, libx11-6, libxext6, libxt6, libcurl3-gnutls, binutils Suggests: iceweasel, konqueror-nsplugins, ttf-mscorefonts-installer, ttf-dejavu, ttf-xfree86-nonfree, flashplugin-nonfree-extrasound, hal Conflicts: flashplayer-mozilla, flashplugin (<< 6), libflash-mozplugin, xfs (<< 1:1.0.1-5) Description: Adobe Flash Player - browser plugin ...
6. Angalia eneo la Vifurushi vilivyowekwa
Kuorodhesha eneo la faili zitakazosakinishwa kwenye mfumo wako kutoka kwa jina la kifurushi.
dpkg -L flashplugin-nonfree
/. /usr /usr/bin /usr/lib /usr/lib/mozilla /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/pubkey.asc /usr/share /usr/share/man /usr/share/man/man8 /usr/share/man/man8/update-flashplugin-nonfree.8.gz /usr/share/applications /usr/share/icons /usr/share/icons/hicolor ...
7. Sakinisha Vifurushi vyote kutoka kwa Saraka
Kwa kujirudia, sakinisha faili zote za kawaida zinazolingana na muundo wa *.deb unaopatikana katika saraka maalum na saraka zake zote. Hii inaweza kutumika na chaguzi za -R na -sakinisha. Kwa mfano, nitasakinisha vifurushi vyote vya .deb kutoka kwenye saraka inayoitwa debpackages.
dpkg -R --install debpackages/
(Reading database ... 465836 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace flashplugin-nonfree 1:3.2 (using .../flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement flashplugin-nonfree ... Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
8. Sanidi Kifurushi lakini usiweke
Kutumia kitendo -unpack kutafungua kifurushi, lakini hakitasakinisha au kusanidi.
dpkg --unpack flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb
(Reading database ... 465836 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace flashplugin-nonfree 1:3.2 (using flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement flashplugin-nonfree ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
9. Sanidi upya Kifurushi Kisichojazwa
Chaguo -configure itasanidi upya kifurushi ambacho tayari hakijapakiwa.
dpkg --configure flashplugin-nonfree
Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ...
10. Badilisha maelezo ya Kifurushi yanayopatikana
Chaguo la --update-avail badala ya maelezo ya zamani na taarifa inayopatikana katika faili ya Vifurushi.
dpkg –-update-avail package_name
11. Futa Taarifa Zilizopo za Kifurushi
Kitendo -clear-avaial kitafuta maelezo ya sasa kuhusu ni vifurushi vipi vinavyopatikana.
dpkg –-clear-avail
12. Sahau Vifurushi Vilivyoondolewa na Visivyopatikana
Amri ya dpkg yenye chaguo -forget-old-unavail itasahau kiotomatiki vifurushi vilivyoondolewa na visivyopatikana .
dpkg --forget-old-unavail
13. Onyesha Leseni ya dpkg
dpkg --licence
14. Onyesha Toleo la dpkg
Hoja ya -version itaonyesha maelezo ya toleo la dpkg.
dpkg –version
Debian `dpkg' package management program version 1.16.10 (i386). This is free software; see the GNU General Public License version 2 or later for copying conditions. There is NO warranty.
15. Pata Usaidizi wote kuhusu dpkg
Chaguo la -help litaonyesha orodha ya chaguzi zinazopatikana za amri ya dpkg.
dpkg –help
Usage: dpkg [<option> ...] <command> Commands: -i|--install <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ... --unpack <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ... -A|--record-avail <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ... --configure <package> ... | -a|--pending --triggers-only <package> ... | -a|--pending -r|--remove <package> ... | -a|--pending -P|--purge <package> ... | -a|--pending --get-selections [<pattern> ...] Get list of selections to stdout. --set-selections Set package selections from stdin. --clear-selections Deselect every non-essential package. --update-avail <Packages-file> Replace available packages info. --merge-avail <Packages-file> Merge with info from file. --clear-avail Erase existing available info. --forget-old-unavail Forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs. -s|--status <package> ... Display package status details. ...
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