Amri 10 Zisizojulikana kwa Linux - Sehemu ya 3
Nimelemewa na jibu la makala mbili za mwisho za mfululizo wa \Makala ya Linux Yanayojulikana Zaidi yaani.
- Amri 11 Muhimu za Linux - Sehemu ya I
- Amri 10 za Linux Zisizojulikana - Sehemu ya 2
- Amri 10 za Linux Zenye Ufanisi - Sehemu ya IV
- Amri 10 Muhimu za Linux Zinazojulikana Chini- Sehemu ya V
Tumekuja na nakala ya tatu ya safu hii ambayo inajumuisha amri zingine chache za Linux zinazojulikana, ambazo zinafaa kujua. Labda tayari unafahamu amri hizi, bila shaka wewe ni mtumiaji mwenye uzoefu wa Linux na unapenda ugunduzi.
22. ^foo^bar Amri
Endesha amri ya mwisho na urekebishaji, kwa mfano mmoja. Tuseme ninahitaji kutekeleza amri 'ls -l' kuorodhesha kwa muda mrefu yaliyomo kwenye saraka kusema 'Desktop'. Kwa bahati mbaya, unaandika ‘lls -l’. Kwa hivyo sasa utalazimika kuandika tena amri nzima au kuhariri amri iliyotangulia kwa kutumia kitufe cha urambazaji. Hiyo ni chungu wakati amri ni ndefu.
[email :~/Desktop$ lls -l bash: lls: command not found
[email :~/Desktop$ ^lls^ls ls -l total 7489440 drwxr-xr-x 2 avi avi 36864 Nov 13 2012 101MSDCF -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 206833 Nov 5 15:27 1.jpg -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 158951 Nov 5 15:27 2.jpg -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 90624 Nov 5 12:59 Untitled 1.doc
Kumbuka: Katika uingizwaji ulio hapo juu tulitumia \^typo(ili kubadilishwa)^original_command.Amri hii inaweza kuwa hatari sana ikiwa kwa kujua au kutojua utabadilisha chapa kwa amri ya mfumo au chochote cha hatari kusema rm -rf.
23. > file.txt Amri
Amri hii husafisha yaliyomo kwenye faili bila hitaji la kuondoa na kuunda faili sawa tena. Amri hii ni muhimu sana katika lugha ya uandishi tunapohitaji pato au kuingia kwenye faili moja tena na tena.
Nina faili inayosema ‘test.txt’ kwenye ‘Desktop’ yangu yenye maandishi mengi.
[email :~/Desktop$ cat test.txt Linux GNU Debian Fedora kali ubuntu git Linus Torvalds
[email :~/Desktop$ > test.txt [email :~/Desktop$ cat test.txt
Kumbuka: Tena, amri hii inaweza kuwa hatari, usiwahi kujaribu kufuta yaliyomo kwenye faili ya mfumo au faili ya usanidi. Ukifanya hivyo, utakuwa katika matatizo makubwa.
24. kwa Amri
Amri ya 'at' ni sawa na amri ya cron na inaweza kutumika kwa kuratibu kazi au amri ya kufanya kazi kwa wakati maalum.
[email :~/Desktop$ echo "ls -l > /dev/pts/0" | at 14:012 OR [email :~/Desktop$ echo "ls -l > /dev/pts/0" | at 2:12 PM
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 220492 Nov 1 13:49 Screenshot-1.png -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 358 Oct 17 10:11 sources.list -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 4695982080 Oct 10 20:29 squeeze.iso .. .. -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 90624 Nov 5 12:59 Untitled 1.doc -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 96206 Nov 5 12:56 Untitled 1.odt -rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 9405 Nov 12 23:22 Untitled.png
Kumbuka: echo \ls -l : Mfuatano huu ni mwangwi wa amri (hapa ls -l) kwenye terminal ya kawaida. Unaweza kubadilisha 'ls -l' kwa amri yoyote ya hitaji na chaguo lako.
> : redirects the output
The /dev/pts/0 : Hiki ni kifaa cha pato na/au faili, ambapo pato hutafutwa, hapa pato liko kwenye terminal.
Kwa upande wangu, tty yangu iko /dev/pts/0, wakati huo. Unaweza kuangalia tty yako kwa kuendesha amri tty.
[email :~/Desktop$ tty /dev/pts/0
Kumbuka: Amri ya 'at' tekeleza kazi hiyo mara tu saa ya mfumo inalingana na wakati maalum.
25. du -h –max-depth=1 Amri
Amri iliyo hapa chini hutoa saizi ya folda ndogo ndani ya saraka ya sasa, katika umbizo linaloweza kusomeka na binadamu.
[email :/home/avi/Desktop# du -h --max-depth=1 38M ./test 1.1G ./shivji 42M ./drupal 6.9G ./101MSDCF 16G .
Kumbuka: Amri iliyo hapo juu inaweza kuwa muhimu sana katika kuangalia matumizi ya diski ya mfumo.
26. expr Amri
Amri ya 'expr' sio amri inayojulikana sana. Amri hii ni muhimu sana katika kufanya hesabu rahisi ya hisabati katika terminal.
[email :/home/avi/Desktop# expr 2 + 3 5
[email :/home/avi/Desktop# expr 6 – 3 3
[email :/home/avi/Desktop# expr 12 / 3 4
[email :/home/avi/Desktop# expr 2 \* 9 18
27. tazama Amri
Angalia maneno kutoka kwa kamusi ya Kiingereza ikiwa kuna mkanganyiko, kutoka kwa terminal yenyewe. Viz., Nimechanganyikiwa kidogo ikiwa tahajia ni ya mtoa huduma au ya kuchekesha.
[email :/home/avi/Documents# look car Cara Cara's … ... carps carpus carpus's carrel carrel's carrels carriage carriage's carriages carriageway carriageway's carried carrier carrier's carriers carries … ... caryatids
Amri iliyo hapo juu ilionyesha maneno yote kutoka kwa kamusi yanayoanza na kamba 'gari'. Nilipata nilichokuwa nikitafuta.
28. ndiyo Amri
Amri nyingine ambayo haitumiwi mara kwa mara mara kwa mara, kwa kawaida lakini ni muhimu sana katika lugha ya uandishi na kwa Wasimamizi wa mfumo.
Amri hii inaendelea kuchapisha kamba fulani, hadi maagizo ya kukatiza yatolewe nawe.
[email :~/Desktop$ yes "Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to" Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to … … ... Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to Tecmint is one of the best site dedicated to Linux, how to
29. sababu Amri
Amri ya sababu ni kweli amri ya asili ya hisabati. Amri hii hutoa vipengele vyote vya nambari fulani.
[email :~/Desktop$ factor 22 22: 2 11
[email :~/Desktop$ factor 21 21: 3 7
[email :~/Desktop$ factor 11 11: 11
30. ping -i 60 -a IP_anwani
Sote tunatumia ping amri kuangalia ikiwa seva iko moja kwa moja au la. Na mimi huwa na ping google, ili kuangalia kama nimeunganishwa kwenye mtandao au la.
Wakati mwingine inakera, unaposubiri na kuendelea kutazama terminal yako kupata jibu la amri ya ping au kusema, subiri seva iunganishwe.
Vipi kuhusu sauti inayosikika mara tu seva inapoonyeshwa moja kwa moja.
[email :~/Desktop$ ping -i 60 -a www.google.com PING www.google.com (74.125.200.103) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from www.google.com (74.125.200.103): icmp_req=1 ttl=44 time=105 ms 64 bytes from 74.125.200.103: icmp_req=2 ttl=44 time=281 ms
Acha nikuambie jambo moja, kabla ya kuripoti kwamba amri haikurudisha sauti yoyote ya kusikika. Hakikisha sauti ya mfumo wako si bubu, mandhari ya sauti lazima yawashwe katika 'mapendeleo ya sauti' na uhakikishe kuwa 'Washa sauti ya dirisha na dirisha' imechaguliwa.
31. tac Amri
Amri hii inavutia sana ambayo inachapisha yaliyomo kwenye faili ya maandishi kwa mpangilio wa nyuma, i.e. kutoka mstari wa mwisho hadi mstari wa kwanza.
Nina faili ya maandishi 35.txt kwenye saraka yangu ya Hati, chini ya folda ya nyumbani. Kuangalia yaliyomo kwa kutumia amri ya paka.
[email :~/Documents$ cat 35.txt
1. Linux is built with certain powerful tools, which are unavailable in windows. 2. One of such important tool is Shell Scripting. Windows however comes with such a tool but as usual it is much weak as compared to it's Linux Counterpart. 3.Shell scripting/programming makes it possible to execute command(s), piped to get desired output in order to automate day-to-day usages.
Sasa badilisha yaliyomo kwenye faili kwa kutumia amri ya tac.
[email :~/Documents$ tac 35.txt
3.Shell scripting/programming makes it possible to execute command(s), piped to get desired output in order to automate day-to-day usages. 2. One of such important tool is Shell Scripting. Windows however comes with such a tool but as usual it is much weak as compared to it's Linux Counterpart. 1. Linux is built with certain powerful tools, which are unavailable in windows.
Hayo ni yote kwa sasa. Ikiwa unafahamu amri zingine za Linux ambazo hazijulikani sana, unaweza kuweka maoni, ili tuweze kujumuisha hizo katika makala zetu zijazo.
Usisahau kutupatia maoni yako yenye thamani. Hivi karibuni nitakuja na nakala nyingine ya kupendeza, hivi karibuni. Hadi wakati huo endelea kuwa macho na uunganishwe na Tecmint.