Sakinisha Hifadhidata ya MariaDB katika RHEL/CentOS/Fedora na Debian/Ubuntu


MariaDB ni kibadala cha kujumlisha cha MySQL, kilichotengenezwa na waandishi asilia wa Mradi wa MySQL na inaafikiana kikamilifu na MySQL yenye vipengele zaidi na uboreshaji wa utendaji bora. Hadi tulipoandika chapisho hili, Mfululizo wa MariaDB 10.0 ndio toleo la ukuzaji (Alpha) na MariaDB 5.5 ndio toleo thabiti la sasa (GA).

Kwa nini nitumie MariaDB?

Kama tunavyojua sote MySQL inatumika sana na RDBMS maarufu zaidi na chaguo la kwanza la watengenezaji. Mnamo 2008, MySQL ilinunuliwa na Sun Microsystem, ambayo baadaye ilinunuliwa na Oracle na ambayo sio chanzo wazi tena.

Kweli, MariaDB inafadhiliwa na Monty Program AB & MariaDB Foundation na inaendelezwa kwa kujitegemea na msanidi mkuu wa MySQL na wanajamii wengine na chanzo huria kweli. Mwanamume aliyeunda hifadhidata ya MySQL na Michael Monty Widenius, David Axmark, na Allan Larsso mwanzilishi wa MySQL na Monty Program AB sasa yuko nyuma ya MariaDB. Wangesimamia maendeleo ya msingi wa MariaDB.

Ni nani wanaotumia MariaDB?

Kuna idadi ya usambazaji na tovuti kubwa zimebadilisha hadi MariaDB, baadhi yao ni:

  1. Shirika la Mozilla
  2. Wikipedia
  3. OpenSuse
  4. Fedora
  5. OLX
  6. Nimbuzz
  7. SlashGear
  8. ArchLinux
  9. Redhat Enterprise Linux (kutoka RHEL7)
  10. Slackware
  11. Mageia
  12. Slackware
  13. TurboLinux
  14. Mradi wa Chakra
  15. Gentoo
  16. GNU/Linux KDu

Inasakinisha Hifadhidata ya MariaDB katika RHEL/CentOS 6/5 na Fedora 18/17

Tulipendekeza sana kutumia hazina maalum ya MariaDB YUM (Kidhibiti Kifurushi) ili kusakinisha. Unda faili ya repo chini ya /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo, Nakili na ubandike maingizo yafuatayo chini yake.

Kwa sasa, hazina za MariaDB zinapatikana kwa RHEL 6, RHEL5, CentOS 6, CentOS 5, na Fedora 20,19,18,17. Tafadhali chagua na uongeze hazina sahihi kwa toleo lako la Mfumo wa Uendeshaji.

# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:29 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel6-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:30 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel6-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:31 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel5-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:31 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel5-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:21 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:22 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:23 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos5-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:23 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos5-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:34 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora20-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:35 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora20-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:31 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora19-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:34 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora19-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:32 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora18-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora18-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora17-x86
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora17-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

Mara tu unapoweka faili ya MariaDB.repo chini ya /etc/yum.repos.d/. Wacha tusakinishe kwa kufuata amri ya YUM.

# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 #
 yum -y install MariaDB MariaDB-server

# On Fedora 20 #
 yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server

Ikiwa, ufunguo wa Kusaini wa MariaDB GPG haujasakinishwa, YUM itaisakinisha kiotomatiki baada ya kupakua vifurushi vyote.

Baada ya usakinishaji kukamilika, anza MariaDB na amri ifuatayo.

# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 #
 /etc/init.d/mysql start

# On Fedora 20 #
 systemctl start mariadb.service 
 systemctl enable mariadb.service

Andika amri ya 'mysql' kwenye terminal. Kwa nenosiri chaguo-msingi la mzizi ni tupu.

 mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.32-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

Tekeleza amri ifuatayo ili kuona hifadhidata chaguo-msingi inayokuja na usakinishaji.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Andika acha kutoka kwa kidokezo cha amri ili kuondoka kwenye shell.

MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye

Chapisha usakinishaji, unapaswa kusoma na chini ya kila hatua kwa uangalifu ambayo itaweka nenosiri la msingi, kuondoa watumiaji wasiojulikana, kutoruhusu kuingia kwa mbali, na ondoa hifadhidata ya majaribio na ufikie ili kulinda MariaDB.

  mysql_secure_installation
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):

OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] Y

New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

Mara hati ya usakinishaji wa chapisho kukamilika, unahitaji Kuanzisha Upya hifadhidata ya MariaDB ili kuchukua mabadiliko mapya.

# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 #
 /etc/init.d/mysql restart

# On Fedora 20 #
 systemctl restart mariadb.service 

Weka MariaDB ili kuanza kwenye buti

 chkconfig mysql on

Wacha tujaribu kuunganishwa na kitambulisho kipya cha mizizi na tunapaswa kuona kitu kama hicho.

 mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.32-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

Kufunga Hifadhidata ya MariaDB katika Debian 7/6 na Ubuntu 13.04/12/10/12.04

Tulipendekeza sana kutumia hazina maalum kusakinisha. Endesha amri zifuatazo ili kuongeza MariaDB kwenye mfumo wako. Tafadhali kumbuka ufunguo wa kusaini utabaki sawa katika Debian na Ubuntu wakati unaingiza sawa.

[email :~$ sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
[email :~$ sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db

Nakili na ubandike maingizo yafuatayo kwenye faili /etc/apt/sources.list chini.

# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:03 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian wheezy main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian wheezy main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:17 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian squeeze main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian squeeze main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:47 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu saucy main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu saucy main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:18 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu raring main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu raring main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:24 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu quantal main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu quantal main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:24 UTC
# http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu precise main

Mara tu umeingiza ufunguo kwa usahihi na kuongeza hazina vizuri, unaweza kusakinisha MariaDB na apt-get amri kama inavyoonyeshwa. Wakati wa usakinishaji unaweza kuuliza kusanidi nenosiri la mizizi kwa hifadhidata.

[email :~$ sudo apt-get update
[email :~$ sudo apt-get install mariadb-server

Ingia MariaDB na kitambulisho cha mizizi ambacho kiliwekwa mapema.

[email :~$ sudo mysql -u root -p
[sudo] password for narad: 
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 42
Server version: 10.0.3-MariaDB-1~raring-log mariadb.org binary distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Kumbuka: Andika acha kutoka kwa kidokezo cha amri ili kuondoka kwenye hifadhidata.

Viungo vya Marejeleo

  1. MariaDB Vs MySQL - Vipengele
  2. Hati za MariaDB
  3. Ukurasa wa nyumbani wa MariaDB